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Asymmetric magma plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount based on full waveform inversion of seismic data

Author

Listed:
  • Jidong Yang

    (China University of Petroleum (East China))

  • Hejun Zhu

    (The University of Texas at Dallas
    The University of Texas at Dallas)

  • Zeyu Zhao

    (Peking University)

  • Jianping Huang

    (China University of Petroleum (East China))

  • David Lumley

    (The University of Texas at Dallas
    The University of Texas at Dallas)

  • Robert J. Stern

    (The University of Texas at Dallas)

  • Robert A. Dunn

    (University of Hawaii)

  • Adrien F. Arnulf

    (University of Texas at Austin
    Amazon Web Services)

  • Jianwei Ma

    (Peking University)

Abstract

The architecture of magma plumbing systems plays a fundamental role in volcano eruption and evolution. However, the precise configuration of crustal magma reservoirs and conduits responsible for supplying eruptions are difficult to explore across most active volcanic systems. Consequently, our understanding of their correlation with eruption dynamics is limited. Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with known eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. Here we present high-resolution images of P-wave velocity, attenuation, and estimates of temperature and partial melt beneath the summit of Axial Seamount, derived from multi-parameter full waveform inversion of a 2D multi-channel seismic line. Multiple magma reservoirs, including a newly discovered western magma reservoir, are identified in the upper crust, with the maximum melt fraction of ~15–32% in the upper main magma reservoir (MMR) and lower fractions of 10% to 26% in other satellite reservoirs. In addition, a feeding conduit below the MMR with a melt fraction of ~4–11% and a low-velocity throat beneath the eastern caldera wall connecting the MMR roof with eruptive fissures are imaged. These findings delineate an asymmetric shallow plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount, providing insights into the magma pathways that fed recent eruptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jidong Yang & Hejun Zhu & Zeyu Zhao & Jianping Huang & David Lumley & Robert J. Stern & Robert A. Dunn & Adrien F. Arnulf & Jianwei Ma, 2024. "Asymmetric magma plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount based on full waveform inversion of seismic data," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49188-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49188-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. C. Singh & G. M. Kent & J. S. Collier & A. J. Harding & J. A. Orcutt, 1998. "Melt to mush variations in crustal magma properties along the ridge crest at the southern East Pacific Rise," Nature, Nature, vol. 394(6696), pages 874-878, August.
    2. Eric Debayle & Thomas Bodin & Stéphanie Durand & Yanick Ricard, 2020. "Seismic evidence for partial melt below tectonic plates," Nature, Nature, vol. 586(7830), pages 555-559, October.
    3. M. West & W. Menke & M. Tolstoy & S. Webb & R. Sohn, 2001. "Magma storage beneath Axial volcano on the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge," Nature, Nature, vol. 413(6858), pages 833-836, October.
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