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Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources

Author

Listed:
  • Chenyan Zhao

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Lili Yang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yuxiang Sun

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Changzhi Chen

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Zichun Huang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Qiuting Yang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jianghui Yun

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Ahsan Habib

    (Dhaka University)

  • Guorui Liu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Minghui Zheng

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Guibin Jiang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated. Secondary copper smelting, electric arc furnace steelmaking, and hazardous waste incineration show potential for large emission reductions, which are found of high HCBD emission concentrations of > 20 ng/g in fine particulate matter in this study. The highest HCBD emission concentration is observed for the secondary copper smelting industry (average: 1380 ng/g). Source emission factors of HCBD for the 12 industries range from 0.008 kg/t for coal fire power plants to 0.680 kg/t for secondary lead smelting, from which an estimation of approximately 8452.8 g HCBD emissions annually worldwide achieved. The carcinogenic risks caused by HCBD emissions from countries and regions with intensive 12 industrial sources are 1.0-80 times higher than that without these industries. These results will be useful for formulating effective strategies of HCBD control.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenyan Zhao & Lili Yang & Yuxiang Sun & Changzhi Chen & Zichun Huang & Qiuting Yang & Jianghui Yun & Ahsan Habib & Guorui Liu & Minghui Zheng & Guibin Jiang, 2024. "Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49097-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49097-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jules M. Blais & David W. Schindler & Derek C. G. Muir & Lynda E. Kimpe & David B. Donald & Bruno Rosenberg, 1998. "Accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in mountains of western Canada," Nature, Nature, vol. 395(6702), pages 585-588, October.
    2. Yuxiang Sun & Lili Yang & Minghui Zheng & Roland Weber & Jerzy Falandysz & Gerhard Lammel & Chenyan Zhao & Changzhi Chen & Qiuting Yang & Guorui Liu, 2023. "Industrial source identification of polyhalogenated carbazoles and preliminary assessment of their global emissions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
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