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Risk assessment of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus from mink

Author

Listed:
  • Katherine H. Restori

    (The Pennsylvania State University
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR))

  • Kayla M. Septer

    (The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Cassandra J. Field

    (The Pennsylvania State University
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR)
    The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Devanshi R. Patel

    (The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University)

  • David VanInsberghe

    (Emory University School of Medicine
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR))

  • Vedhika Raghunathan

    (Emory University School of Medicine
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR))

  • Anice C. Lowen

    (Emory University School of Medicine
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR))

  • Troy C. Sutton

    (The Pennsylvania State University
    Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR)
    The Pennsylvania State University)

Abstract

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in farmed mink and seals combined with isolated human infections suggest these viruses pose a pandemic threat. To assess this threat, using the ferret model, we show an H5N1 isolate derived from mink transmits by direct contact to 75% of exposed ferrets and, in airborne transmission studies, the virus transmits to 37.5% of contacts. Sequence analyses show no mutations were associated with transmission. The H5N1 virus also has a low infectious dose and remains virulent at low doses. This isolate carries the adaptive mutation, PB2 T271A, and reversing this mutation reduces mortality and airborne transmission. This is the first report of a H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus exhibiting direct contact and airborne transmissibility in ferrets. These data indicate heightened pandemic potential of the panzootic H5N1 viruses and emphasize the need for continued efforts to control outbreaks and monitor viral evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Katherine H. Restori & Kayla M. Septer & Cassandra J. Field & Devanshi R. Patel & David VanInsberghe & Vedhika Raghunathan & Anice C. Lowen & Troy C. Sutton, 2024. "Risk assessment of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus from mink," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-48475-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48475-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Mulhall, James & Ozbek, Okan & Tial, Biak & Bowker-Lonnecker, Lin & Keßeler, Niklas & Kiilu, Natalie & Montazeri, Nadia & Misurya, Shreeman & Wescombe, Noah & Denkenberger, David C., 2024. "Developing back-up plans to protect vital sectors in super-pandemics," OSF Preprints h7wte, Center for Open Science.

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