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Lunar rock investigation and tri-aspect characterization of lunar farside regolith by a digital twin

Author

Listed:
  • Liang Ding

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Ruyi Zhou

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Tianyi Yu

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Huaiguang Yang

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Ximing He

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Haibo Gao

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Juntao Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Science
    CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology)

  • Ye Yuan

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Jia Wang

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Zhengyin Wang

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Huanan Qi

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Jian Li

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Wenhao Feng

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Xin Li

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Chuankai Liu

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center
    Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics)

  • Shaojin Han

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Xiaojia Zeng

    (Chinese Academy of Science
    CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology)

  • Yu-Yan Sara Zhao

    (Chengdu University of Technology)

  • Guangjun Liu

    (Ryerson University)

  • Wenhui Wan

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yuedong Zhang

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Saijin Wang

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Lichun Li

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Zongquan Deng

    (Harbin Institute of Technology)

  • Jianzhong Liu

    (Chinese Academy of Science
    CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology)

  • Guolin Hu

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Rui Zhao

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

  • Kuan Zhang

    (Beijing Aerospace Control Center)

Abstract

Yutu-2 rover conducted an exciting expedition on the 41st lunar day to investigate a fin-shaped rock at Longji site (45.44°S, 177.56°E) by extending its locomotion margin on perilous peaks. The varied locomotion encountered, especially multi-form wheel slippage, during the journey to the target rock, established unique conditions for a fin-grained lunar regolith analysis regarding bearing, shear and lateral properties based on terramechanics. Here, we show a tri-aspect characterization of lunar regolith and infer the rock’s origin using a digital twin. We estimate internal friction angle within 21.5°−42.0° and associated cohesion of 520-3154 Pa in the Chang’E-4 operational site. These findings suggest shear characteristics similar to Apollo 12 mission samples but notably higher cohesion compared to regolith investigated on most nearside lunar missions. We estimate external friction angle in lateral properties to be within 8.3°−16.5°, which fills the gaps of the lateral property estimation of the lunar farside regolith and serves as a foundational parameter for subsequent engineering verifications. Our in-situ spectral investigations of the target rock unveil its composition of iron/magnesium-rich low-calcium pyroxene, linking it to the Zhinyu crater (45.34°S, 176.15°E) ejecta. Our results indicate that the combination of in-situ measurements with robotics technology in planetary exploration reveal the possibility of additional source regions contributing to the local materials at the Chang’E-4 site, implying a more complicated geological history in the vicinity.

Suggested Citation

  • Liang Ding & Ruyi Zhou & Tianyi Yu & Huaiguang Yang & Ximing He & Haibo Gao & Juntao Wang & Ye Yuan & Jia Wang & Zhengyin Wang & Huanan Qi & Jian Li & Wenhao Feng & Xin Li & Chuankai Liu & Shaojin Han, 2024. "Lunar rock investigation and tri-aspect characterization of lunar farside regolith by a digital twin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-46233-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46233-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jianjun Liu & Xin Ren & Wei Yan & Chunlai Li & He Zhang & Yang Jia & Xingguo Zeng & Wangli Chen & Xingye Gao & Dawei Liu & Xu Tan & Xiaoxia Zhang & Tao Ni & Hongbo Zhang & Wei Zuo & Yan Su & Weibin We, 2019. "Descent trajectory reconstruction and landing site positioning of Chang’E-4 on the lunar farside," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Daniel P. Moriarty & Nick Dygert & Sarah N. Valencia & Ryan N. Watkins & Noah E. Petro, 2021. "The search for lunar mantle rocks exposed on the surface of the Moon," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Peter Bauer & Bjorn Stevens & Wilco Hazeleger, 2021. "A digital twin of Earth for the green transition," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(2), pages 80-83, February.
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