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Diverging effects of host density and richness across biological scales drive diversity-disease outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Pieter T. J. Johnson

    (University of Colorado)

  • Tara E. Stewart Merrill

    (University of Colorado
    Florida State University)

  • Andrew D. Dean

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Andy Fenton

    (University of Liverpool)

Abstract

Understanding how biodiversity affects pathogen transmission remains an unresolved question due to the challenges in testing potential mechanisms in natural systems and how these mechanisms vary across biological scales. By quantifying transmission of an entire guild of parasites (larval trematodes) within 902 amphibian host communities, we show that the community-level drivers of infection depend critically on biological scale. At the individual host scale, increases in host richness led to fewer parasites per host for all parasite taxa, with no effect of host or predator densities. At the host community scale, however, the inhibitory effects of richness were counteracted by associated increases in total host density, leading to no overall change in parasite densities. Mechanistically, we find that while average host competence declined with increasing host richness, total community competence remained stable due to additive assembly patterns. These results help reconcile disease-diversity debates by empirically disentangling the roles of alternative ecological drivers of parasite transmission and how such effects depend on biological scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Pieter T. J. Johnson & Tara E. Stewart Merrill & Andrew D. Dean & Andy Fenton, 2024. "Diverging effects of host density and richness across biological scales drive diversity-disease outcomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-46091-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46091-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pieter T. J. Johnson & Daniel L. Preston & Jason T. Hoverman & Katherine L. D. Richgels, 2013. "Biodiversity decreases disease through predictable changes in host community competence," Nature, Nature, vol. 494(7436), pages 230-233, February.
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