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Alkali metal bilayer intercalation in graphene

Author

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  • Yung-Chang Lin

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
    Osaka University)

  • Rika Matsumoto

    (Tokyo Polytechnic University)

  • Qiunan Liu

    (Osaka University)

  • Pablo Solís-Fernández

    (Kyushu University)

  • Ming-Deng Siao

    (National Tsing Hua University)

  • Po-Wen Chiu

    (National Tsing Hua University
    Academia Sinica)

  • Hiroki Ago

    (Kyushu University
    Kyushu University)

  • Kazu Suenaga

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
    Osaka University)

Abstract

Alkali metal (AM) intercalation between graphene layers holds promise for electronic manipulation and energy storage, yet the underlying mechanism remains challenging to fully comprehend despite extensive research. In this study, we employ low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy (LV-STEM) to visualize the atomic structure of intercalated AMs (potassium, rubidium, and cesium) in bilayer graphene (BLG). Our findings reveal that the intercalated AMs adopt bilayer structures with hcp stacking, and specifically a C6M2C6 composition. These structures closely resemble the bilayer form of fcc (111) structure observed in AMs under high-pressure conditions. A negative charge transferred from bilayer AMs to graphene layers of approximately 1~1.5×1014 e−/cm−2 was determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Raman, and electrical transport. The bilayer AM is stable in BLG and graphite superficial layers but absent in the graphite interior, primarily dominated by single-layer AM intercalation. This hints at enhancing AM intercalation capacity by thinning the graphite material.

Suggested Citation

  • Yung-Chang Lin & Rika Matsumoto & Qiunan Liu & Pablo Solís-Fernández & Ming-Deng Siao & Po-Wen Chiu & Hiroki Ago & Kazu Suenaga, 2024. "Alkali metal bilayer intercalation in graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-44602-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44602-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthias Kühne & Felix Börrnert & Sven Fecher & Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl & Johannes Biskupek & Dominik Samuelis & Arkady V. Krasheninnikov & Ute Kaiser & Jurgen H. Smet, 2018. "Reversible superdense ordering of lithium between two graphene sheets," Nature, Nature, vol. 564(7735), pages 234-239, December.
    2. K. S. Vasu & E. Prestat & J. Abraham & J. Dix & R. J. Kashtiban & J. Beheshtian & J. Sloan & P. Carbone & M. Neek-Amal & S. J. Haigh & A. K. Geim & R. R. Nair, 2016. "Van der Waals pressure and its effect on trapped interlayer molecules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-6, November.
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