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Incidence and transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in urban and rural South Africa, 2017-2018

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  • Cheryl Cohen

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Jackie Kleynhans

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Jocelyn Moyes

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Meredith L. McMorrow

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Florette K. Treurnicht

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Orienka Hellferscee

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Nicole Wolter

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Neil A. Martinson

    (MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand
    University of the Witwatersrand
    Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research)

  • Kathleen Kahn

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Limakatso Lebina

    (MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Katlego Mothlaoleng

    (MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Floidy Wafawanaka

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Thulisa Mkhencele

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service)

  • Azwifarwi Mathunjwa

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service)

  • Maimuna Carrim

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Angela Mathee

    (South African Medical Research Council)

  • Stuart Piketh

    (Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Climatology Research Group, North-West University)

  • Brigitte Language

    (Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Climatology Research Group, North-West University)

  • Anne Gottberg

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Stefano Tempia

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    MassGenics)

Abstract

Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) incidence and household transmission are limited. To describe RSV incidence and transmission, we conducted a prospective cohort study in rural and urban communities in South Africa over two seasons during 2017-2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice-weekly for 10 months annually and tested for RSV using PCR. We tested 81,430 samples from 1,116 participants in 225 households (follow-up 90%). 32% (359/1116) of individuals had ≥1 RSV infection; 10% (37/359) had repeat infection during the same season, 33% (132/396) of infections were symptomatic, and 2% (9/396) sought medical care. Incidence was 47.2 infections/100 person-years and highest in children 10 days were more likely to transmit; household contacts aged 1-4 years vs. ≥65 years were more likely to acquire infection. Within two South African communities, RSV attack rate was high, and most infections asymptomatic. Young children were more likely to introduce RSV into the home, and to be infected. Future studies should examine whether vaccines targeting children aged

Suggested Citation

  • Cheryl Cohen & Jackie Kleynhans & Jocelyn Moyes & Meredith L. McMorrow & Florette K. Treurnicht & Orienka Hellferscee & Nicole Wolter & Neil A. Martinson & Kathleen Kahn & Limakatso Lebina & Katlego M, 2024. "Incidence and transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in urban and rural South Africa, 2017-2018," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-44275-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44275-y
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