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Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units

Author

Listed:
  • Yulin Sun

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Alberto Ruiz Orduna

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Zhonghang Zhang

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Sarah J. Feakins

    (University of Southern California)

  • Reinhard Jetter

    (University of British Columbia
    University of British Columbia)

Abstract

The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C16 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis further shows that the major (C31) diketone is synthesized from two plastidial C16 acyl units. Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for β-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C16) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C16) acyl-CoAs into β-diketones. The two enzymes are localized to the plastids and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), respectively, implying substrate transfer between these two sub-cellular compartments. Overall, our findings define a two-step pathway involving an unprecedented PKS reaction leading directly to the β-diketone products.

Suggested Citation

  • Yulin Sun & Alberto Ruiz Orduna & Zhonghang Zhang & Sarah J. Feakins & Reinhard Jetter, 2023. "Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-42917-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9
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    1. Xiao-Hui Wang & Bo-Wen Gao & Yu Nakashima & Takahiro Mori & Zhong-Xiu Zhang & Takeshi Kodama & Yuan-E Lee & Ze-Kun Zhang & Chin-Piow Wong & Qian-Qian Liu & Bo-Wen Qi & Juan Wang & Jun Li & Xiao Liu & , 2022. "Identification of a diarylpentanoid-producing polyketide synthase revealing an unusual biosynthetic pathway of 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones in agarwood," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
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