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Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals

Author

Listed:
  • Ashley D. Otter

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Scott Jones

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Bethany Hicks

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Daniel Bailey

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Helen Callaby

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Catherine Houlihan

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
    University College London)

  • Tommy Rampling

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
    University College London Hospital
    NIHR University College London Hospitals BRC)

  • Nicola Claire Gordon

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Hannah Selman

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar

    (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Michael Townsend

    (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Ravi Mehta

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust)

  • Marcus Pond

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust)

  • Rachael Jones

    (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Deborah Wright

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Clarissa Oeser

    (UK Health Security Agency, Colindale)

  • Simon Tonge

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Ezra Linley

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Georgia Hemingway

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Tom Coleman

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Sebastian Millward

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Aaron Lloyd

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Inger Damon

    (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Tim Brooks

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Richard Vipond

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Cathy Rowe

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Bassam Hallis

    (UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

Abstract

In early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection (mpox) cases were identified within the UK with no prior travel history to MPXV-endemic regions. Subsequently, case numbers exceeding 80,000 were reported worldwide, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Public health agencies worldwide have offered the IMVANEX Smallpox vaccination to these individuals at high-risk to provide protection and limit the spread of MPXV. We have developed a comprehensive array of ELISAs to study poxvirus-induced antibodies, utilising 24 MPXV and 3 Vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant antigens. Panels of serum samples from individuals with differing Smallpox-vaccine doses and those with prior MPXV infection were tested on these assays, where we observed that one dose of Smallpox vaccination induces a low number of antibodies to a limited number of MPXV antigens but increasing with further vaccination doses. MPXV infection induced similar antibody responses to diverse poxvirus antigens observed in Smallpox-vaccinated individuals. We identify MPXV A27 as a serological marker of MPXV-infection, whilst MPXV M1 (VACV L1) is likely IMVANEX-specific. Here, we demonstrate analogous humoral antigen recognition between both MPXV-infected or Smallpox-vaccinated individuals, with binding to diverse yet core set of poxvirus antigens, providing opportunities for future vaccine (e.g., mRNA) and therapeutic (e.g., mAbs) design.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashley D. Otter & Scott Jones & Bethany Hicks & Daniel Bailey & Helen Callaby & Catherine Houlihan & Tommy Rampling & Nicola Claire Gordon & Hannah Selman & Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar & Michael Town, 2023. "Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41587-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41587-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patricia L. Earl & Jeffrey L. Americo & Linda S. Wyatt & Leigh Anne Eller & J. Charles Whitbeck & Gary H. Cohen & Roselyn J. Eisenberg & Christopher J. Hartmann & David L. Jackson & David A. Kulesh & , 2004. "Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox," Nature, Nature, vol. 428(6979), pages 182-185, March.
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