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Cultivation of marine bacteria of the SAR202 clade

Author

Listed:
  • Yeonjung Lim

    (Inha University
    Inha University)

  • Ji-Hui Seo

    (Inha University)

  • Stephen J. Giovannoni

    (Oregon State University)

  • Ilnam Kang

    (Inha University)

  • Jang-Cheon Cho

    (Inha University)

Abstract

Bacteria of the SAR202 clade, within the phylum Chloroflexota, are ubiquitously distributed in the ocean but have not yet been cultivated in the lab. It has been proposed that ancient expansions of catabolic enzyme paralogs broadened the spectrum of organic compounds that SAR202 bacteria could oxidize, leading to transformations of the Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we report the successful cultivation of SAR202 bacteria from surface seawater using dilution-to-extinction culturing. The growth of these strains is very slow (0.18–0.24 day−1) and is inhibited by exposure to light. The genomes, of ca. 3.08 Mbp, encode archaella (archaeal motility structures) and multiple sets of enzyme paralogs, including 80 genes coding for enolase superfamily enzymes and 44 genes encoding NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases. We propose that these enzyme paralogs participate in multiple parallel pathways for non-phosphorylative catabolism of sugars and sugar acids. Indeed, we demonstrate that SAR202 strains can utilize several substrates that are metabolized through the predicted pathways, such as sugars ʟ-fucose and ʟ-rhamnose, as well as their lactone and acid forms.

Suggested Citation

  • Yeonjung Lim & Ji-Hui Seo & Stephen J. Giovannoni & Ilnam Kang & Jang-Cheon Cho, 2023. "Cultivation of marine bacteria of the SAR202 clade," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-40726-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40726-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lorenz Adrian & Ulrich Szewzyk & Jörg Wecke & Helmut Görisch, 2000. "Bacterial dehalorespiration with chlorinated benzenes," Nature, Nature, vol. 408(6812), pages 580-583, November.
    2. Shangyu Dang & Linfeng Sun & Yongjian Huang & Feiran Lu & Yufeng Liu & Haipeng Gong & Jiawei Wang & Nieng Yan, 2010. "Structure of a fucose transporter in an outward-open conformation," Nature, Nature, vol. 467(7316), pages 734-738, October.
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