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HCK induces macrophage activation to promote renal inflammation and fibrosis via suppression of autophagy

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  • Man Chen

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
    Shandong University)

  • Madhav C. Menon

    (Yale School of Medicine)

  • Wenlin Wang

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Jia Fu

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Zhengzi Yi

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Zeguo Sun

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Jessica Liu

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Zhengzhe Li

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Lingyun Mou

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Khadija Banu

    (Yale School of Medicine)

  • Sui-Wan Lee

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Ying Dai

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Nanditha Anandakrishnan

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Evren U. Azeloglu

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Kyung Lee

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Weijia Zhang

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Bhaskar Das

    (Long Island University)

  • John Cijiang He

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    Renal Section, James J. Peters VAMC)

  • Chengguo Wei

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Abstract

Renal inflammation and fibrosis are the common pathways leading to progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously identified hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) as upregulated in human chronic allograft injury promoting kidney fibrosis; however, the cellular source and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, using immunostaining and single cell sequencing data, we show that HCK expression is highly enriched in pro-inflammatory macrophages in diseased kidneys. HCK-knockout (KO) or HCK-inhibitor decreases macrophage M1-like pro-inflammatory polarization, proliferation, and migration in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). We identify an interaction between HCK and ATG2A and CBL, two autophagy-related proteins, inhibiting autophagy flux in macrophages. In vivo, both global or myeloid cell specific HCK-KO attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis with reduces macrophage numbers, pro-inflammatory polarization and migration into unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys and unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) models. Finally, we developed a selective boron containing HCK inhibitor which can reduce macrophage pro-inflammatory activity, proliferation, and migration in vitro, and attenuate kidney fibrosis in the UUO mice. The current study elucidates mechanisms downstream of HCK regulating macrophage activation and polarization via autophagy in CKD and identifies that selective HCK inhibitors could be potentially developed as a new therapy for renal fibrosis.

Suggested Citation

  • Man Chen & Madhav C. Menon & Wenlin Wang & Jia Fu & Zhengzi Yi & Zeguo Sun & Jessica Liu & Zhengzhe Li & Lingyun Mou & Khadija Banu & Sui-Wan Lee & Ying Dai & Nanditha Anandakrishnan & Evren U. Azelog, 2023. "HCK induces macrophage activation to promote renal inflammation and fibrosis via suppression of autophagy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-40086-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40086-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leyuan Xu & Jiankan Guo & Dennis G. Moledina & Lloyd G. Cantley, 2022. "Immune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Tatsuya Saitoh & Naonobu Fujita & Myoung Ho Jang & Satoshi Uematsu & Bo-Gie Yang & Takashi Satoh & Hiroko Omori & Takeshi Noda & Naoki Yamamoto & Masaaki Komatsu & Keiji Tanaka & Taro Kawai & Tohru Ts, 2008. "Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1β production," Nature, Nature, vol. 456(7219), pages 264-268, November.
    3. Niklas Gremke & Pierfrancesco Polo & Aaron Dort & Jean Schneikert & Sabrina Elmshäuser & Corinna Brehm & Ursula Klingmüller & Anna Schmitt & Hans Christian Reinhardt & Oleg Timofeev & Michael Wanzel &, 2020. "mTOR-mediated cancer drug resistance suppresses autophagy and generates a druggable metabolic vulnerability," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
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