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Monitoring transmission intensity of trachoma with serology

Author

Listed:
  • Christine Tedijanto

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Anthony W. Solomon

    (World Health Organization)

  • Diana L. Martin

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Scott D. Nash

    (The Carter Center)

  • Jeremy D. Keenan

    (University of California San Francisco
    University of California San Francisco)

  • Thomas M. Lietman

    (University of California San Francisco
    University of California San Francisco
    University of California San Francisco
    University of California San Francisco)

  • Patrick J. Lammie

    (Task Force for Global Health)

  • Kristen Aiemjoy

    (University of California Davis School of Medicine)

  • Abdou Amza

    (Programme National de Santé Oculaire
    Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité)

  • Solomon Aragie

    (University of California San Francisco
    The Carter Center Ethiopia
    Addis Ababa University)

  • Ahmed M. Arzika

    (The Carter Center Niger)

  • E. Kelly Callahan

    (The Carter Center)

  • Sydney Carolan

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Adisu Abebe Dawed

    (Amhara Regional Health Bureau)

  • E. Brook Goodhew

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Sarah Gwyn

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Jaouad Hammou

    (Ministry of Health)

  • Boubacar Kadri

    (Programme National de Santé Oculaire
    Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité)

  • Khumbo Kalua

    (Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach)

  • Ramatou Maliki

    (The Carter Center Niger)

  • Beido Nassirou

    (Programme National de Santé Oculaire
    Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité)

  • Fikre Seife

    (Federal Ministry of Health)

  • Zerihun Tadesse

    (The Carter Center Ethiopia)

  • Sheila K. West

    (Wilmer Eye Institute)

  • Dionna M. Wittberg

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Taye Zeru Tadege

    (Amhara Public Health Institute)

  • Benjamin F. Arnold

    (University of California San Francisco
    University of California San Francisco)

Abstract

Trachoma, caused by ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. To provide evidence for use of antibodies to monitor C. trachomatis transmission, we collated IgG responses to Pgp3 antigen, PCR positivity, and clinical observations from 19,811 children aged 1–9 years in 14 populations. We demonstrate that age-seroprevalence curves consistently shift along a gradient of transmission intensity: rising steeply in populations with high levels of infection and active trachoma and becoming flat in populations near elimination. Seroprevalence (range: 0–54%) and seroconversion rates (range: 0–15 per 100 person-years) correlate with PCR prevalence (r: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.97). A seroprevalence threshold of 13.5% (seroconversion rate 2.75 per 100 person-years) identifies clusters with any PCR-identified infection at high sensitivity ( >90%) and moderate specificity (69–75%). Antibody responses in young children provide a robust, generalizable approach to monitor population progress toward and beyond trachoma elimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Tedijanto & Anthony W. Solomon & Diana L. Martin & Scott D. Nash & Jeremy D. Keenan & Thomas M. Lietman & Patrick J. Lammie & Kristen Aiemjoy & Abdou Amza & Solomon Aragie & Ahmed M. Arzika , 2023. "Monitoring transmission intensity of trachoma with serology," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38940-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38940-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amy Pinsent & Anthony W. Solomon & Robin L. Bailey & Rhiannon Bid & Anaseini Cama & Deborah Dean & Brook Goodhew & Sarah E. Gwyn & Kelvin R. Jack & Ram Prasad Kandel & Mike Kama & Patrick Massae & Col, 2018. "The utility of serology for elimination surveillance of trachoma," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Ahmed M. Arzika & Ramatou Maliki & E. Brook Goodhew & Eric Rogier & Jeffrey W. Priest & Elodie Lebas & Kieran S. O’Brien & Victoria Le & Catherine E. Oldenburg & Thuy Doan & Travis C. Porco & Jeremy D, 2022. "Effect of biannual azithromycin distribution on antibody responses to malaria, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens in Niger," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Christine Tedijanto & Solomon Aragie & Zerihun Tadesse & Mahteme Haile & Taye Zeru & Scott D Nash & Dionna M Wittberg & Sarah Gwyn & Diana L Martin & Hugh J W Sturrock & Thomas M Lietman & Jeremy D Ke, 2022. "Predicting future community-level ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence using serological, clinical, molecular, and geospatial data," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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