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Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses against Omicron severe outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Ramandip Grewal

    (Public Health Ontario)

  • Lena Nguyen

    (ICES)

  • Sarah A. Buchan

    (Public Health Ontario
    ICES
    University of Toronto
    University of Toronto)

  • Sarah E. Wilson

    (Public Health Ontario
    ICES
    University of Toronto
    University of Toronto)

  • Sharifa Nasreen

    (ICES
    University of Toronto)

  • Peter C. Austin

    (ICES
    University of Toronto)

  • Kevin A. Brown

    (Public Health Ontario
    ICES
    University of Toronto)

  • Deshayne B. Fell

    (ICES
    University of Ottawa
    Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute)

  • Jonathan B. Gubbay

    (Public Health Ontario
    University of Toronto)

  • Kevin L. Schwartz

    (Public Health Ontario
    ICES
    University of Toronto)

  • Mina Tadrous

    (ICES
    Women’s College Hospital
    University of Toronto)

  • Kumanan Wilson

    (University of Ottawa
    Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
    Bruyere Research Institute)

  • Jeffrey C. Kwong

    (Public Health Ontario
    ICES
    University of Toronto
    University of Toronto)

Abstract

We estimated the effectiveness of booster doses of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among adults in Ontario, Canada. We used a test-negative design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization or death among SARS-CoV-2-tested adults aged ≥50 years from January 2 to October 1, 2022, stratified by age and time since vaccination. We also compared VE during BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 sublineage predominance. We included 11,160 cases and 62,880 tests for test-negative controls. Depending on the age group, compared to unvaccinated adults, VE was 91–98% 7–59 days after a third dose, waned to 76–87% after ≥240 days, was restored to 92–97% 7–59 days after a fourth dose, and waned to 86–89% after ≥120 days. VE was lower and declined faster during BA.4/BA.5 versus BA.1/BA.2 predominance, particularly after ≥120 days. Here we show that booster doses of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines restored strong protection against severe outcomes for at least 3 months after vaccination. Across the entire study period, protection declined slightly over time, but waned more during BA.4/BA.5 predominance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramandip Grewal & Lena Nguyen & Sarah A. Buchan & Sarah E. Wilson & Sharifa Nasreen & Peter C. Austin & Kevin A. Brown & Deshayne B. Fell & Jonathan B. Gubbay & Kevin L. Schwartz & Mina Tadrous & Kuma, 2023. "Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses against Omicron severe outcomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36566-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36566-1
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