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Magmatic plumbing and dynamic evolution of the 2021 La Palma eruption

Author

Listed:
  • Carmen Fresno

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Simone Cesca

    (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)

  • Andreas Klügel

    (University of Bremen)

  • Itahiza Domínguez Cerdeña

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Eduardo A. Díaz-Suárez

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Torsten Dahm

    (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    University of Potsdam)

  • Laura García-Cañada

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Stavros Meletlidis

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Claus Milkereit

    (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)

  • Carla Valenzuela-Malebrán

    (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    University of Potsdam)

  • Rubén López-Díaz

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

  • Carmen López

    (Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN))

Abstract

The 2021 volcanic eruption at La Palma, Canary Islands, was the island’s most voluminous historical eruption. Little is known about this volcano’s feeding system. During the eruption, seismicity was distributed in two clusters at ~10-14 km and ~33-39 km depth, separated by an aseismic zone. This gap coincides with the location of weak seismic swarms in 2017-2021 and where petrological data have implied pre-eruptive magma storage. Here we use seismological methods to understand the seismic response to magma transfer, with 8,488 hypocentral relocations resolving small-scale seismogenic structures, and 156 moment tensors identifying stress heterogeneities and principal axes flips. Results suggest a long-lasting preparatory stage with the progressive destabilisation of an intermediate, mushy reservoir, and a co-eruptive stage with seismicity controlled by the drainage and interplay of two localised reservoirs. Our study provides new insights into the plumbing system that will improve the monitoring of future eruptions in the island.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmen Fresno & Simone Cesca & Andreas Klügel & Itahiza Domínguez Cerdeña & Eduardo A. Díaz-Suárez & Torsten Dahm & Laura García-Cañada & Stavros Meletlidis & Claus Milkereit & Carla Valenzuela-Malebr, 2023. "Magmatic plumbing and dynamic evolution of the 2021 La Palma eruption," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-35953-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35953-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jonathan M. Castro & Yves Feisel, 2022. "Author Correction: Eruption of ultralow-viscosity basanite magma at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Canary Islands," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-1, December.
    2. Jonathan M. Castro & Yves Feisel, 2022. "Eruption of ultralow-viscosity basanite magma at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Canary Islands," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Guillem Gisbert & Valentin R. Troll & James M. D. Day & Harri Geiger & Francisco J. Perez-Torrado & Meritxell Aulinas & Frances M. Deegan & Helena Albert & Juan Carlos Carracedo, 2023. "Reported ultra-low lava viscosities from the 2021 La Palma eruption are potentially biased," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.

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    1. Guillem Gisbert & Valentin R. Troll & James M. D. Day & Harri Geiger & Francisco J. Perez-Torrado & Meritxell Aulinas & Frances M. Deegan & Helena Albert & Juan Carlos Carracedo, 2023. "Reported ultra-low lava viscosities from the 2021 La Palma eruption are potentially biased," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. J. M. Castro & Y. Feisel, 2023. "Reply to: Reported ultra-low lava viscosities from the 2021 La Palma eruption are potentially biased," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-4, December.

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