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Accurate graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new International System of Units

Author

Listed:
  • Hans He

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)

  • Karin Cedergren

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)

  • Naveen Shetty

    (Chalmers University of Technology)

  • Samuel Lara-Avila

    (Chalmers University of Technology
    National Physical Laboratory)

  • Sergey Kubatkin

    (Chalmers University of Technology)

  • Tobias Bergsten

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)

  • Gunnar Eklund

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)

Abstract

Graphene quantum Hall effect (QHE) resistance standards have the potential to provide superior realizations of three key units in the new International System of Units (SI): the ohm, the ampere, and the kilogram (Kibble Balance). However, these prospects require different resistance values than practically achievable in single graphene devices (~12.9 kΩ), and they need bias currents two orders of magnitude higher than typical breakdown currents IC ~ 100 μA. Here we present experiments on quantization accuracy of a 236-element quantum Hall array (QHA), demonstrating RK/236 ≈ 109 Ω with 0.2 part-per-billion (nΩ/Ω) accuracy with IC ≥ 5 mA (~1 nΩ/Ω accuracy for IC = 8.5 mA), using epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (epigraphene). The array accuracy, comparable to the most precise universality tests of QHE, together with the scalability and reliability of this approach, pave the road for wider use of graphene in the new SI and beyond.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans He & Karin Cedergren & Naveen Shetty & Samuel Lara-Avila & Sergey Kubatkin & Tobias Bergsten & Gunnar Eklund, 2022. "Accurate graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new International System of Units," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-34680-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34680-0
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    as
    1. Hans He & Kyung Ho Kim & Andrey Danilov & Domenico Montemurro & Liyang Yu & Yung Woo Park & Floriana Lombardi & Thilo Bauch & Kasper Moth-Poulsen & Tihomir Iakimov & Rositsa Yakimova & Per Malmberg & , 2018. "Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
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