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Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform

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  • Jordan Goldstein

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Hongtao Lin

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University)

  • Skylar Deckoff-Jones

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Marek Hempel

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Ang-Yu Lu

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Kathleen A. Richardson

    (University of Central Florida)

  • Tomás Palacios

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Jing Kong

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Juejun Hu

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Dirk Englund

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

The development of compact and fieldable mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy devices represents a critical challenge for distributed sensing with applications from gas leak detection to environmental monitoring. Recent work has focused on mid-IR photonic integrated circuit (PIC) sensing platforms and waveguide-integrated mid-IR light sources and detectors based on semiconductors such as PbTe, black phosphorus and tellurene. However, material bandgaps and reliance on SiO2 substrates limit operation to wavelengths λ ≲ 4 μm. Here we overcome these challenges with a chalcogenide glass-on-CaF2 PIC architecture incorporating split-gate photothermoelectric graphene photodetectors. Our design extends operation to λ = 5.2 μm with a Johnson noise-limited noise-equivalent power of 1.1 nW/Hz1/2, no fall-off in photoresponse up to f = 1 MHz, and a predicted 3-dB bandwidth of f3dB > 1 GHz. This mid-IR PIC platform readily extends to longer wavelengths and opens the door to applications from distributed gas sensing and portable dual comb spectroscopy to weather-resilient free space optical communications.

Suggested Citation

  • Jordan Goldstein & Hongtao Lin & Skylar Deckoff-Jones & Marek Hempel & Ang-Yu Lu & Kathleen A. Richardson & Tomás Palacios & Jing Kong & Juejun Hu & Dirk Englund, 2022. "Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31607-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31607-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Junxiong Guo & Shuyi Gu & Lin Lin & Yu Liu & Ji Cai & Hongyi Cai & Yu Tian & Yuelin Zhang & Qinghua Zhang & Ze Liu & Yafei Zhang & Xiaosheng Zhang & Yuan Lin & Wen Huang & Lin Gu & Jinxing Zhang, 2024. "Type-printable photodetector arrays for multichannel meta-infrared imaging," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

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