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Modest volcanic SO2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago

Author

Listed:
  • Philipson Bani

    (Université Blaise Pascal-CNRS-IRD, OPGC
    Centre IRD de la Nouvelle-Calédonie)

  • Clive Oppenheimer

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Vitchko Tsanev

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Bruno Scaillet

    (Institut des sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, Université d’Orléans-CNRS-BRGM)

  • Sofyan Primulyana

    (Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation)

  • Ugan Boyson Saing

    (Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation)

  • Hilma Alfianti

    (Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation)

  • Mita Marlia

    (Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation)

Abstract

Indonesia hosts the largest number of active volcanoes, several of which are renowned for climate-changing historical eruptions. This pedigree might suggest a substantial fraction of global volcanic sulfur emissions from Indonesia and are intrinsically driven by sulfur-rich magmas. However, a paucity of observations has hampered evaluation of these points—many volcanoes have hitherto not been subject to emissions measurements. Here we report new gas measurements from Indonesian volcanoes. The combined SO2 output amounts to 1.15 ± 0.48 Tg/yr. We estimate an additional time-averaged SO2 yield of 0.12-0.54 Tg/yr for explosive eruptions, indicating a total SO2 inventory of 1.27-1.69 Tg/yr for Indonesian. This is comparatively modest—individual volcanoes such as Etna have sustained higher fluxes. To understand this paradox, we compare the geodynamic, petrologic, magma dynamical and shallow magmatic-hydrothermal processes that influence the sulfur transfer to the atmosphere. Results reinforce the idea that sulfur-rich eruptions reflect long-term accumulation of volatiles in the reservoirs.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipson Bani & Clive Oppenheimer & Vitchko Tsanev & Bruno Scaillet & Sofyan Primulyana & Ugan Boyson Saing & Hilma Alfianti & Mita Marlia, 2022. "Modest volcanic SO2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31043-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31043-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ji-Lei Li & Esther M. Schwarzenbach & Timm John & Jay J. Ague & Fang Huang & Jun Gao & Reiner Klemd & Martin J. Whitehouse & Xin-Shui Wang, 2020. "Uncovering and quantifying the subduction zone sulfur cycle from the slab perspective," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
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