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Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust

Author

Listed:
  • Fabio Arzilli

    (University of Camerino
    University of Manchester)

  • Margherita Polacci

    (University of Manchester)

  • Giuseppe Spina

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania)

  • Nolwenn Gall

    (University College London
    Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell)

  • Edward W. Llewellin

    (Durham University)

  • Richard A. Brooker

    (University of Bristol)

  • Rafael Torres-Orozco

    (Centro de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Veracruzana
    Centre of Geosciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico)

  • Danilo Genova

    (University of Bayreuth)

  • David A. Neave

    (University of Manchester)

  • Margaret E. Hartley

    (University of Manchester)

  • Heidy M. Mader

    (University of Bristol)

  • Daniele Giordano

    (University of Torino)

  • Robert Atwood

    (Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus)

  • Peter D. Lee

    (University College London
    Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell)

  • Florian Heidelbach

    (University of Bayreuth)

  • Mike R. Burton

    (University of Manchester)

Abstract

The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth’s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Arzilli & Margherita Polacci & Giuseppe Spina & Nolwenn Gall & Edward W. Llewellin & Richard A. Brooker & Rafael Torres-Orozco & Danilo Genova & David A. Neave & Margaret E. Hartley & Heidy M. M, 2022. "Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30890-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. G. La Spina & M. Burton & M. de’ Michieli Vitturi & F. Arzilli, 2016. "Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Teresa Ubide & Balz S. Kamber, 2018. "Volcanic crystals as time capsules of eruption history," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Pablo Salas & Philipp Ruprecht & Laura Hernández & Osvaldo Rabbia, 2021. "Out-of-sequence skeletal growth causing oscillatory zoning in arc olivines," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Jon Blundy & Kathy Cashman & Madeleine Humphreys, 2006. "Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes," Nature, Nature, vol. 443(7107), pages 76-80, September.
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