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Fractional crystallisation of eclogite during the birth of a Hawaiian Volcano

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  • Laura A. Miller

    (Monash University
    Australian National University)

  • Hugh St. C. O’Neill

    (Monash University)

  • Andrew J. Berry

    (Australian National University)

  • Charles Losq

    (Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS)

Abstract

The initial melts erupted by a Hawaiian volcano have a range of alkalic compositions but are rarely observed as they are covered by enormous volumes of shield stage tholeiites. A remarkable record of the early evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes, however, is preserved by a volcanic sandstone dredged from the submarine flank of Kilauea, which contains a suite of petrogenetically related pre-shield basanite to nephelinite glasses. Here we show that the systematic variation in the rare earth element (REE) patterns of these samples requires the fractional crystallisation of garnet. A fractionating assemblage of Ca-rich garnet (32%), omphacitic clinopyroxene (63%), and minor phlogopite can explain the variation in the major and trace element contents of the suite. The results suggest fractional crystallisation of eclogite from a primitive Hawaiian melt near the base of the lithosphere (>90 km) and that a deep magma chamber is the first stage in the development of a Hawaiian volcano.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura A. Miller & Hugh St. C. O’Neill & Andrew J. Berry & Charles Losq, 2022. "Fractional crystallisation of eclogite during the birth of a Hawaiian Volcano," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30108-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30108-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. X. Li & R. Kind & K. Priestley & S. V. Sobolev & F. Tilmann & X. Yuan & M. Weber, 2000. "Mapping the Hawaiian plume conduit with converted seismic waves," Nature, Nature, vol. 405(6789), pages 938-941, June.
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