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Comparing COVID-19-related hospitalization rates among individuals with infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity in Israel

Author

Listed:
  • Jacob G. Waxman

    (Clalit Health Services)

  • Maya Makov-Assif

    (Clalit Health Services)

  • Ben Y. Reis

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Harvard Medical School
    The Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute)

  • Doron Netzer

    (Clalit Health Services)

  • Ran D. Balicer

    (Clalit Health Services
    The Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute
    Ben Gurion University of the Negev)

  • Noa Dagan

    (Clalit Health Services
    The Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute
    Ben Gurion University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Noam Barda

    (Ben Gurion University
    Harvard Medical School
    Arc Innovation Center, Sheba Medical Center)

Abstract

With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing, accurate assessment of population immunity and the effectiveness of booster and enhancer vaccine doses is critical. We compare COVID-19-related hospitalization incidence rates in 2,412,755 individuals across four exposure levels: non-recent vaccine immunity (two BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine doses five or more months prior), boosted vaccine immunity (three BNT162b2 doses), infection-induced immunity (previous COVID-19 without a subsequent BNT162b2 dose), and enhanced infection-induced immunity (previous COVID-19 with a subsequent BNT162b2 dose). Rates, adjusted for potential demographic, clinical and health-seeking-behavior confounders, were assessed from July-November 2021 when the Delta variant was predominant. Compared with non-recent vaccine immunity, COVID-19-related hospitalization incidence rates were reduced by 89% (87–91%) for boosted vaccine immunity, 66% (50–77%) for infection-induced immunity and 75% (61–83%) for enhanced infection-induced immunity. We demonstrate that infection-induced immunity (enhanced or not) provides more protection against COVID-19-related hospitalization than non-recent vaccine immunity, but less protection than booster vaccination. Additionally, our results suggest that vaccinating individuals with infection-induced immunity further enhances their protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacob G. Waxman & Maya Makov-Assif & Ben Y. Reis & Doron Netzer & Ran D. Balicer & Noa Dagan & Noam Barda, 2022. "Comparing COVID-19-related hospitalization rates among individuals with infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity in Israel," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29858-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29858-5
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