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Melt stripping and agglutination of pyroclasts during the explosive eruption of low viscosity magmas

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  • Thomas J. Jones

    (University of Liverpool)

  • James K. Russell

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Richard J. Brown

    (Durham University)

  • Lea Hollendonner

    (University of Regensburg)

Abstract

Volcanism on Earth and on other planets and satellites is dominated by the eruption of low viscosity magmas. During explosive eruption, high melt temperatures and the inherent low viscosity of the fluidal pyroclasts allow for substantial post-fragmentation modification during transport obscuring the record of primary, magmatic fragmentation processes. Here, we show these syn-eruption modifications, in the form of melt stripping and agglutination, to be advantageous for providing fundamental insights into lava fountain and jet dynamics, including eruption velocities, grain size distributions and melt physical properties. We show how enigmatic, complex pyroclasts termed pelletal lapilli form by a two-stage process operating above the magmatic fragmentation surface. Melt stripping from pyroclast surfaces creates a spray of fine melt droplets whilst sustained transport in the fountain allows for agglutination and droplet scavenging, thereby coarsening the grain size distribution. We conclude with a set of universal regime diagrams, applicable for all fluidal fountain products, that link fundamental physical processes to eruption conditions and melt physical properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas J. Jones & James K. Russell & Richard J. Brown & Lea Hollendonner, 2022. "Melt stripping and agglutination of pyroclasts during the explosive eruption of low viscosity magmas," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28633-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28633-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter G. Martin & Marion Louvel & Silvia Cipiccia & Christopher P. Jones & Darren J. Batey & Keith R. Hallam & Ian A. X. Yang & Yukihiko Satou & Christoph Rau & J. Fred W. Mosselmans & David A. Richar, 2019. "Provenance of uranium particulate contained within Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 ejecta material," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Lionel Wilson & James W. Head III, 2007. "An integrated model of kimberlite ascent and eruption," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7140), pages 53-57, May.
    3. James K. Russell & Lucy A. Porritt & Yan Lavallée & Donald B. Dingwell, 2012. "Kimberlite ascent by assimilation-fuelled buoyancy," Nature, Nature, vol. 481(7381), pages 352-356, January.
    4. T.M. Gernon & R.J. Brown & M.A. Tait & T.K. Hincks, 2012. "The origin of pelletal lapilli in explosive kimberlite eruptions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-7, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas J. Jones & Yannick Moigne & James K. Russell & Glyn Williams-Jones & Daniele Giordano & Donald B. Dingwell, 2022. "Inflated pyroclasts in proximal fallout deposits reveal abrupt transitions in eruption behaviour," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.

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