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Cosmogenic radionuclides reveal an extreme solar particle storm near a solar minimum 9125 years BP

Author

Listed:
  • Chiara I. Paleari

    (Lund University)

  • Florian Mekhaldi

    (Lund University
    Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate)

  • Florian Adolphi

    (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung)

  • Marcus Christl

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Christof Vockenhuber

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Philip Gautschi

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Jürg Beer

    (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology)

  • Nicolas Brehm

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Tobias Erhardt

    (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    University of Bern)

  • Hans-Arno Synal

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Lukas Wacker

    (ETH Zürich)

  • Frank Wilhelms

    (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    University of Göttingen)

  • Raimund Muscheler

    (Lund University)

Abstract

During solar storms, the Sun expels large amounts of energetic particles (SEP) that can react with the Earth’s atmospheric constituents and produce cosmogenic radionuclides such as 14C, 10Be and 36Cl. Here we present 10Be and 36Cl data measured in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The data consistently show one of the largest 10Be and 36Cl production peaks detected so far, most likely produced by an extreme SEP event that hit Earth 9125 years BP (before present, i.e., before 1950 CE), i.e., 7176 BCE. Using the 36Cl/10Be ratio, we demonstrate that this event was characterized by a very hard energy spectrum and was possibly up to two orders of magnitude larger than any SEP event during the instrumental period. Furthermore, we provide 10Be-based evidence that, contrary to expectations, the SEP event occurred near a solar minimum.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara I. Paleari & Florian Mekhaldi & Florian Adolphi & Marcus Christl & Christof Vockenhuber & Philip Gautschi & Jürg Beer & Nicolas Brehm & Tobias Erhardt & Hans-Arno Synal & Lukas Wacker & Frank W, 2022. "Cosmogenic radionuclides reveal an extreme solar particle storm near a solar minimum 9125 years BP," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27891-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27891-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicolas Brehm & Marcus Christl & Timothy D. J. Knowles & Emmanuelle Casanova & Richard P. Evershed & Florian Adolphi & Raimund Muscheler & Hans-Arno Synal & Florian Mekhaldi & Chiara I. Paleari & Hann, 2022. "Tree-rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.

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