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Second sound in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel K. Hoffmann

    (Universität Ulm)

  • Vijay Pal Singh

    (Leibniz Universität Hannover
    Universität Hamburg)

  • Thomas Paintner

    (Universität Ulm)

  • Manuel Jäger

    (Universität Ulm)

  • Wolfgang Limmer

    (Universität Ulm)

  • Ludwig Mathey

    (Universität Hamburg
    Universität Hamburg)

  • Johannes Hecker Denschlag

    (Universität Ulm)

Abstract

Second sound is an entropy wave which propagates in the superfluid component of a quantum liquid. Because it is an entropy wave, it probes the thermodynamic properties of the quantum liquid. Here, we study second sound propagation for a large range of interaction strengths within the crossover between a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid, extending previous work at unitarity. In particular, we investigate the strongly-interacting regime where currently theoretical predictions only exist in terms of an interpolation in the crossover. Working with a quantum gas of ultracold fermionic 6Li atoms with tunable interactions, we show that the second sound speed varies only slightly in the crossover regime. By varying the excitation procedure, we gain deeper insight on sound propagation. We compare our measurement results with classical-field simulations, which help with the interpretation of our experiments.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel K. Hoffmann & Vijay Pal Singh & Thomas Paintner & Manuel Jäger & Wolfgang Limmer & Ludwig Mathey & Johannes Hecker Denschlag, 2021. "Second sound in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27149-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27149-z
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