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Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants

Author

Listed:
  • Edward P. K. Parker

    (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Christina Bronowski

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Kulandaipalayam Natarajan C. Sindhu

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Sudhir Babji

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Blossom Benny

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Noelia Carmona-Vicente

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Nedson Chasweka

    (University of Malawi)

  • End Chinyama

    (University of Malawi)

  • Nigel A. Cunliffe

    (University of Liverpool
    University of Liverpool)

  • Queen Dube

    (University of Malawi)

  • Sidhartha Giri

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Nicholas C. Grassly

    (Imperial College London)

  • Annai Gunasekaran

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Deborah Howarth

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Sushil Immanuel

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Khuzwayo C. Jere

    (University of Liverpool
    University of Malawi
    University of Malawi)

  • Beate Kampmann

    (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Jenna Lowe

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Jonathan Mandolo

    (University of Malawi)

  • Ira Praharaj

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Bakthavatsalam Sandya Rani

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Sophia Silas

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Vivek Kumar Srinivasan

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Mark Turner

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Srinivasan Venugopal

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Valsan Philip Verghese

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Alistair C. Darby

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Gagandeep Kang

    (Christian Medical College)

  • Miren Iturriza-Gómara

    (University of Liverpool
    Centre for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH)

Abstract

Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countries may lead to improvements in vaccine design and delivery. In this prospective cohort study, we measure maternal rotavirus antibodies, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and bacterial gut microbiota development among infants receiving two doses of Rotarix in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60), using standardised methods across cohorts. We observe ORV shedding and seroconversion rates to be significantly lower in Malawi and India than the UK. Maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk are negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, mediated partly by a reduction in ORV shedding. In the UK, ORV shedding is not inhibited despite comparable maternal antibody levels to the other cohorts. In both India and Malawi, increased microbiota diversity is negatively correlated with ORV immunogenicity, suggesting that high early-life microbial exposure may contribute to impaired vaccine efficacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward P. K. Parker & Christina Bronowski & Kulandaipalayam Natarajan C. Sindhu & Sudhir Babji & Blossom Benny & Noelia Carmona-Vicente & Nedson Chasweka & End Chinyama & Nigel A. Cunliffe & Queen Dub, 2021. "Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27074-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27074-1
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