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A meta-analysis of the ecological and economic outcomes of mangrove restoration

Author

Listed:
  • Jie Su

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Daniel A. Friess

    (National University of Singapore
    National University of Singapore)

  • Alexandros Gasparatos

    (The University of Tokyo
    United Nations University)

Abstract

Mangrove restoration has become a popular strategy to ensure the critical functions and economic benefits of this ecosystem. This study conducts a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature on the outcomes of mangrove restoration. On aggregate, restored mangroves provide higher ecosystem functions than unvegetated tidal flats but lower than natural mangrove stands (respectively RR’ = 0.43, 95%CIs = 0.23 to 0.63; RR’ = −0.21, 95%CIs = −0.34 to −0.08), while they perform on par with naturally-regenerated mangroves and degraded mangroves. However, restoration outcomes vary widely between functions and comparative bases, and are mediated by factors such as restoration age, species, and restoration method. Furthermore, mangrove restoration offers positive benefit-cost ratios ranging from 10.50 to 6.83 under variable discount rates (−2% to 8%), suggesting that mangrove restoration is a cost-effective form of ecosystem management. Overall, the results suggest that mangrove restoration has substantial potential to contribute to multiple policy objectives related to biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Jie Su & Daniel A. Friess & Alexandros Gasparatos, 2021. "A meta-analysis of the ecological and economic outcomes of mangrove restoration," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-25349-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25349-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Peacock, R. & Bently, M. & Rees, P. & Blignaut, J.N., 2023. "The benefits of ecological restoration exceed its cost in South Africa: An evidence-based approach," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    2. Yang, Tao & Ouyang, Xueying & Wang, Bo & Tian, Di & Xu, Cheng & Lin, Zeyang & Ge, Xiaomin & Tang, Luozhong, 2023. "Understanding the effects of tree-crop intercropping systems on crop production in China by combining field experiments with a meta-analysis," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    3. Alvise Dabalà & Farid Dahdouh-Guebas & Daniel C. Dunn & Jason D. Everett & Catherine E. Lovelock & Jeffrey O. Hanson & Kristine Camille V. Buenafe & Sandra Neubert & Anthony J. Richardson, 2023. "Priority areas to protect mangroves and maximise ecosystem services," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Zezheng Liu & Sergio Fagherazzi & Qiang He & Olivier Gourgue & Junhong Bai & Xinhui Liu & Chiyuan Miao & Zhan Hu & Baoshan Cui, 2024. "A global meta-analysis on the drivers of salt marsh planting success and implications for ecosystem services," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. D. P. Costa, Micheli & Wartman, Melissa & Macreadie, Peter I. & Ferns, Lawrance W. & Holden, Rhiannon L. & Ierodiaconou, Daniel & MacDonald, Kimberley J. & Mazor, Tessa K. & Morris, Rebecca & Nicholso, 2024. "Spatially explicit ecosystem accounts for coastal wetland restoration," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    6. Lam Thi Mai Huynh & Jie Su & Quanli Wang & Lindsay C. Stringer & Adam D. Switzer & Alexandros Gasparatos, 2024. "Meta-analysis indicates better climate adaptation and mitigation performance of hybrid engineering-natural coastal defence measures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Shanshan Song & Yali Ding & Wei Li & Yuchen Meng & Jian Zhou & Ruikun Gou & Conghe Zhang & Shengbin Ye & Neil Saintilan & Ken W. Krauss & Stephen Crooks & Shuguo Lv & Guanghui Lin, 2023. "Mangrove reforestation provides greater blue carbon benefit than afforestation for mitigating global climate change," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Mojtaba Fakhraee & Noah J. Planavsky & Christopher T. Reinhard, 2023. "Ocean alkalinity enhancement through restoration of blue carbon ecosystems," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 1087-1094, September.
    9. Su, Jie & Gasparatos, Alexandros, 2024. "Assessing the heterogeneity of public acceptability for mangrove restoration through a choice experiment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).

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