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Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by ecological and environmental pressures

Author

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  • Fabien L. Condamine

    (Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier | CNRS|IRD|EPHE))

  • Guillaume Guinot

    (Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier | CNRS|IRD|EPHE))

  • Michael J. Benton

    (University of Bristol)

  • Philip J. Currie

    (University of Alberta)

Abstract

The question why non-avian dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago (Ma) remains unresolved because of the coarseness of the fossil record. A sudden extinction caused by an asteroid is the most accepted hypothesis but it is debated whether dinosaurs were in decline or not before the impact. We analyse the speciation-extinction dynamics for six key dinosaur families, and find a decline across dinosaurs, where diversification shifted to a declining-diversity pattern ~76 Ma. We investigate the influence of ecological and physical factors, and find that the decline of dinosaurs was likely driven by global climate cooling and herbivorous diversity drop. The latter is likely due to hadrosaurs outcompeting other herbivores. We also estimate that extinction risk is related to species age during the decline, suggesting a lack of evolutionary novelty or adaptation to changing environments. These results support an environmentally driven decline of non-avian dinosaurs well before the asteroid impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabien L. Condamine & Guillaume Guinot & Michael J. Benton & Philip J. Currie, 2021. "Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by ecological and environmental pressures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-23754-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23754-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Joseph T. Flannery-Sutherland & Daniele Silvestro & Michael J. Benton, 2022. "Global diversity dynamics in the fossil record are regionally heterogeneous," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Fabien Lafuma & Ian J. Corfe & Julien Clavel & Nicolas Di-Poï, 2021. "Multiple evolutionary origins and losses of tooth complexity in squamates," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.

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