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Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection

Author

Listed:
  • Ge Song

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Wan-ting He

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Sean Callaghan

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Fabio Anzanello

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Deli Huang

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • James Ricketts

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Jonathan L. Torres

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Nathan Beutler

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Linghang Peng

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Sirena Vargas

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Jon Cassell

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Mara Parren

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Linlin Yang

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Caroline Ignacio

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Davey M. Smith

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • James E. Voss

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • David Nemazee

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Andrew B. Ward

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Thomas Rogers

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    University of California, San Diego)

  • Dennis R. Burton

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University)

  • Raiees Andrabi

    (The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute
    The Scripps Research Institute)

Abstract

Pre-existing immunity to seasonal endemic coronaviruses could have profound consequences for antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, induced from natural infection or vaccination. A first step to establish whether pre-existing responses can impact SARS-CoV-2 infection is to understand the nature and extent of cross-reactivity in humans to coronaviruses. Here we compare serum antibody and memory B cell responses to coronavirus spike proteins from pre-pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors using binding and functional assays. We show weak evidence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors. However, we find evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells that are activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies show varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and endemic coronaviruses. We identify one cross-reactive neutralizing antibody specific to the S2 subunit of the S protein. Our results suggest that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

Suggested Citation

  • Ge Song & Wan-ting He & Sean Callaghan & Fabio Anzanello & Deli Huang & James Ricketts & Jonathan L. Torres & Nathan Beutler & Linghang Peng & Sirena Vargas & Jon Cassell & Mara Parren & Linlin Yang &, 2021. "Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-23074-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23074-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Mathieu Claireaux & Tom G. Caniels & Marlon Gast & Julianna Han & Denise Guerra & Gius Kerster & Barbera D. C. Schaik & Aldo Jongejan & Angela I. Schriek & Marloes Grobben & Philip J. M. Brouwer & Kar, 2022. "A public antibody class recognizes an S2 epitope exposed on open conformations of SARS-CoV-2 spike," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Janice Zhirong Jia & Chee Wah Tan & Samuel M. S. Cheng & Haogao Gu & Aileen Ying Yan Yeoh & Chris Ka Pun Mok & Yanqun Wang & Jincun Zhao & Nancy H. L. Leung & Benjamin J. Cowling & Leo L. M. Poon & Da, 2022. "Priming conditions shape breadth of neutralizing antibody responses to sarbecoviruses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Geoffrey B. Hutchinson & Olubukola M. Abiona & Cynthia T. Ziwawo & Anne P. Werner & Daniel Ellis & Yaroslav Tsybovsky & Sarah R. Leist & Charis Palandjian & Ande West & Ethan J. Fritch & Nianshuang Wa, 2023. "Nanoparticle display of prefusion coronavirus spike elicits S1-focused cross-reactive antibody response against diverse coronavirus subgenera," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Magen E. Francis & Ethan B. Jansen & Anthony Yourkowski & Alaa Selim & Cynthia L. Swan & Brian K. MacPhee & Brittany Thivierge & Rachelle Buchanan & Kerry J. Lavender & Joseph Darbellay & Matthew B. R, 2023. "Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Noemia S. Lima & Maryam Musayev & Timothy S. Johnston & Danielle A. Wagner & Amy R. Henry & Lingshu Wang & Eun Sung Yang & Yi Zhang & Kevina Birungi & Walker P. Black & Sijy O’Dell & Stephen D. Schmid, 2022. "Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants elicits convergent epitope specificities, immunoglobulin V gene usage and public B cell clones," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.

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