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SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance

Author

Listed:
  • Jasmin S. Kutter

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Dennis Meulder

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Theo M. Bestebroer

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Pascal Lexmond

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Ard Mulders

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Mathilde Richard

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Ron A. M. Fouchier

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Sander Herfst

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused a pandemic, whereas the closely related SARS-CoV was contained rapidly in 2003. Here, an experimental set-up is used to study transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through the air between ferrets over more than a meter distance. Both viruses cause a robust productive respiratory tract infection resulting in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to two of four indirect recipient ferrets and SARS-CoV to all four. A control pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus also transmits efficiently. Serological assays confirm all virus transmission events. Although the experiments do not discriminate between transmission via small aerosols, large droplets and fomites, these results demonstrate that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious while traveling through the air. Efficient virus transmission between ferrets is in agreement with frequent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms. Although the evidence for virus transmission via the air between humans under natural conditions is absent or weak for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, ferrets may represent a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.

Suggested Citation

  • Jasmin S. Kutter & Dennis Meulder & Theo M. Bestebroer & Pascal Lexmond & Ard Mulders & Mathilde Richard & Ron A. M. Fouchier & Sander Herfst, 2021. "SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-21918-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21918-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert M. Cox & Josef D. Wolf & Carolin M. Lieber & Julien Sourimant & Michelle J. Lin & Darius Babusis & Venice DuPont & Julie Chan & Kim T. Barrett & Diane Lye & Rao Kalla & Kwon Chun & Richard L. M, 2021. "Oral prodrug of remdesivir parent GS-441524 is efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. S. Jaumdally & M. Tomasicchio & A. Pooran & A. Esmail & A. Kotze & S. Meier & L. Wilson & S. Oelofse & C. Merwe & A. Roomaney & M. Davids & T. Suliman & R. Joseph & T. Perumal & A. Scott & M. Shaw & W, 2024. "Frequency, kinetics and determinants of viable SARS-CoV-2 in bioaerosols from ambulatory COVID-19 patients infected with the Beta, Delta or Omicron variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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