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Creation and observation of Hopfions in magnetic multilayer systems

Author

Listed:
  • Noah Kent

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    UC Santa Cruz)

  • Neal Reynolds

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    University of California, Berkeley)

  • David Raftrey

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    UC Santa Cruz)

  • Ian T. G. Campbell

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    University of California, Berkeley)

  • Selven Virasawmy

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Scott Dhuey

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Rajesh V. Chopdekar

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez

    (University of Oviedo)

  • Andrea Sorrentino

    (ALBA Synchrotron)

  • Eva Pereiro

    (ALBA Synchrotron)

  • Salvador Ferrer

    (ALBA Synchrotron)

  • Frances Hellman

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    University of California, Berkeley)

  • Paul Sutcliffe

    (Durham University)

  • Peter Fischer

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    UC Santa Cruz)

Abstract

Among topological solitons, magnetic skyrmions are two-dimensional particle-like objects with a continuous winding of the magnetization, and magnetic Hopfions are three-dimensional objects that can be formed from a closed loop of twisted skyrmion strings. Theoretical models suggest that magnetic Hopfions can be stabilized in frustrated or chiral magnetic systems, and target skymions can be transformed into Hopfions by adapting their perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, but their experimental verification has been elusive so far. Here, we present an experimental study of magnetic Hopfions that are created in Ir/Co/Pt multilayers shaped into nanoscale disks, known to host target skyrmions. To characterize three-dimensional spin textures that distinguish Hopfions from target skyrmions magnetic images are recorded with surface-sensitive X-ray photoemission electron microscopy and bulk-sensitive soft X-ray transmission microscopy using element-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effects as magnetic contrast. These results could stimulate further investigations of Hopfions and their potential application in three-dimensional spintronics devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Noah Kent & Neal Reynolds & David Raftrey & Ian T. G. Campbell & Selven Virasawmy & Scott Dhuey & Rajesh V. Chopdekar & Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez & Andrea Sorrentino & Eva Pereiro & Salvador Ferrer & F, 2021. "Creation and observation of Hopfions in magnetic multilayer systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-21846-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21846-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Guslienko, Konstantin Y., 2023. "Emergent magnetic field and vector potential of the toroidal magnetic hopfions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    2. Cisternas, Jaime & Concha, Andrés, 2024. "Searching nontrivial magnetic equilibria using the deflated Newton method," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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