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Dispersal-induced instability in complex ecosystems

Author

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  • Joseph W. Baron

    (The University of Manchester
    Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB))

  • Tobias Galla

    (The University of Manchester
    Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB))

Abstract

In his seminal work in the 1970s, Robert May suggested that there is an upper limit to the number of species that can be sustained in stable equilibrium by an ecosystem. This deduction was at odds with both intuition and the observed complexity of many natural ecosystems. The so-called stability-diversity debate ensued, and the discussion about the factors contributing to ecosystem stability or instability continues to this day. We show in this work that dispersal can be a destabilising influence. To do this, we combine ideas from Alan Turing’s work on pattern formation with May’s random-matrix approach. We demonstrate how a stable equilibrium in a complex ecosystem with trophic structure can become unstable with the introduction of dispersal in space, and we discuss the factors which contribute to this effect. Our work highlights that adding more details to the model of May can give rise to more ways for an ecosystem to become unstable. Making May’s simple model more realistic is therefore unlikely to entirely remove the upper bound on complexity.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph W. Baron & Tobias Galla, 2020. "Dispersal-induced instability in complex ecosystems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-19824-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19824-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Cui, Wenping & Rocks, Jason W. & Mehta, Pankaj, 2024. "An elementary mean-field approach to the spectral densities of random matrix ensembles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 637(C).
    2. Yuguang Yang & Katharine Z. Coyte & Kevin R. Foster & Aming Li, 2023. "Reactivity of complex communities can be more important than stability," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.

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