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Red-phosphorus-impregnated carbon nanofibers for sodium-ion batteries and liquefaction of red phosphorus

Author

Listed:
  • Yihang Liu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California)

  • Qingzhou Liu

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Southern California)

  • Cheng Jian

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland)

  • Dingzhou Cui

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California)

  • Mingrui Chen

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Southern California)

  • Zhen Li

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Southern California)

  • Teng Li

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland)

  • Tom Nilges

    (Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich)

  • Kai He

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University)

  • Zheng Jia

    (Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University)

  • Chongwu Zhou

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Southern California)

Abstract

Red phosphorus offers a high theoretical sodium capacity and has been considered as a candidate anode for sodium-ion batteries. Similar to silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of red phosphorus is plagued by the large volume variation upon sodiation. Here we perform in situ transmission electron microscopy analysis of the synthesized red-phosphorus-impregnated carbon nanofibers with the corresponding chemo-mechanical simulation, revealing that, the sodiated red phosphorus becomes softened with a “liquid-like” mechanical behaviour and gains superior malleability and deformability against pulverization. The encapsulation strategy of the synthesized red-phosphorus-impregnated carbon nanofibers has been proven to be an effective method to minimize the side reactions of red phosphorus in sodium-ion batteries, demonstrating stable electrochemical cycling. Our study provides a valid guide towards high-performance red-phosphorus-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Yihang Liu & Qingzhou Liu & Cheng Jian & Dingzhou Cui & Mingrui Chen & Zhen Li & Teng Li & Tom Nilges & Kai He & Zheng Jia & Chongwu Zhou, 2020. "Red-phosphorus-impregnated carbon nanofibers for sodium-ion batteries and liquefaction of red phosphorus," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-16077-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16077-z
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