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A generalizable 29-mRNA neural-network classifier for acute bacterial and viral infections

Author

Listed:
  • Michael B. Mayhew

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Ljubomir Buturovic

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Roland Luethy

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Uros Midic

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Andrew R. Moore

    (Stanford University)

  • Jonasel A. Roque

    (Stanford University)

  • Brian D. Shaller

    (Stanford University)

  • Tola Asuni

    (Stanford University)

  • David Rawling

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Melissa Remmel

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Kirindi Choi

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • James Wacker

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

  • Purvesh Khatri

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Angela J. Rogers

    (Stanford University)

  • Timothy E. Sweeney

    (Inflammatix, Inc.)

Abstract

Improved identification of bacterial and viral infections would reduce morbidity from sepsis, reduce antibiotic overuse, and lower healthcare costs. Here, we develop a generalizable host-gene-expression-based classifier for acute bacterial and viral infections. We use training data (N = 1069) from 18 retrospective transcriptomic studies. Using only 29 preselected host mRNAs, we train a neural-network classifier with a bacterial-vs-other area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.93) and a viral-vs-other AUROC 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.93). We then apply this classifier, inflammatix-bacterial-viral-noninfected-version 1 (IMX-BVN-1), without retraining, to an independent cohort (N = 163). In this cohort, IMX-BVN-1 AUROCs are: bacterial-vs.-other 0.86 (95% CI 0.77–0.93), and viral-vs.-other 0.85 (95% CI 0.76–0.93). In patients enrolled within 36 h of hospital admission (N = 70), IMX-BVN-1 AUROCs are: bacterial-vs.-other 0.92 (95% CI 0.83–0.99), and viral-vs.-other 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–0.98). With further study, IMX-BVN-1 could provide a tool for assessing patients with suspected infection and sepsis at hospital admission.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael B. Mayhew & Ljubomir Buturovic & Roland Luethy & Uros Midic & Andrew R. Moore & Jonasel A. Roque & Brian D. Shaller & Tola Asuni & David Rawling & Melissa Remmel & Kirindi Choi & James Wacker , 2020. "A generalizable 29-mRNA neural-network classifier for acute bacterial and viral infections," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-14975-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14975-w
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