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Voltage-gated optics and plasmonics enabled by solid-state proton pumping

Author

Listed:
  • Mantao Huang

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Aik Jun Tan

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Felix Büttner

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Brookhaven National Laboratory)

  • Hailong Liu

    (Singapore University of Technology and Design)

  • Qifeng Ruan

    (Singapore University of Technology and Design)

  • Wen Hu

    (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

  • Claudio Mazzoli

    (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

  • Stuart Wilkins

    (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

  • Chuanhua Duan

    (Boston University)

  • Joel K. W. Yang

    (Singapore University of Technology and Design
    A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research))

  • Geoffrey S. D. Beach

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Devices with locally-addressable and dynamically tunable optical properties underpin emerging technologies such as high-resolution reflective displays and dynamic holography. The optical properties of metals such as Y and Mg can be reversibly switched by hydrogen loading, and hydrogen-switched mirrors and plasmonic devices have been realized, but challenges remain to achieve electrical, localized and reversible control. Here we report a nanoscale solid-state proton switch that allows for electrical control of optical properties through electrochemical hydrogen gating. We demonstrate the generality and versatility of this approach by realizing tunability of a range of device characteristics including transmittance, interference color, and plasmonic resonance. We further discover and exploit a giant modulation of the effective refractive index of the gate dielectric. The simple gate structure permits device thickness down to ~20 nanometers, which can enable device scaling into the deep subwavelength regime, and has potential applications in addressable plasmonic devices and reconfigurable metamaterials.

Suggested Citation

  • Mantao Huang & Aik Jun Tan & Felix Büttner & Hailong Liu & Qifeng Ruan & Wen Hu & Claudio Mazzoli & Stuart Wilkins & Chuanhua Duan & Joel K. W. Yang & Geoffrey S. D. Beach, 2019. "Voltage-gated optics and plasmonics enabled by solid-state proton pumping," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-13131-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13131-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Cheon Woo Moon & Youngji Kim & Jerome Kartham Hyun, 2022. "Active electrochemical high-contrast gratings as on/off switchable and color tunable pixels," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. M. Usama Hasan & Alexander E. Kossak & Geoffrey S. D. Beach, 2023. "Large exchange bias enhancement and control of ferromagnetic energy landscape by solid-state hydrogen gating," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.

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