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Genomic signatures of heterokaryosis in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae

Author

Listed:
  • Kyle Fletcher

    (University of California)

  • Juliana Gil

    (University of California
    University of California)

  • Lien D. Bertier

    (University of California)

  • Aubrey Kenefick

    (University of California)

  • Kelsey J. Wood

    (University of California
    University of California)

  • Lin Zhang

    (University of California)

  • Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo

    (University of California
    University of California
    Bayer Crop Science)

  • Keri Cavanaugh

    (University of California)

  • Cayla Tsuchida

    (University of California
    University of California
    Arcadia Biosciences)

  • Joan Wong

    (University of California
    University of California
    Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.)

  • Richard Michelmore

    (University of California
    University of California)

Abstract

Lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae is the most important disease of lettuce globally. This oomycete is highly variable and rapidly overcomes resistance genes and fungicides. The use of multiple read types results in a high-quality, near-chromosome-scale, consensus assembly. Flow cytometry plus resequencing of 30 field isolates, 37 sexual offspring, and 19 asexual derivatives from single multinucleate sporangia demonstrates a high incidence of heterokaryosis in B. lactucae. Heterokaryosis has phenotypic consequences on fitness that may include an increased sporulation rate and qualitative differences in virulence. Therefore, selection should be considered as acting on a population of nuclei within coenocytic mycelia. This provides evolutionary flexibility to the pathogen enabling rapid adaptation to different repertoires of host resistance genes and other challenges. The advantages of asexual persistence of heterokaryons may have been one of the drivers of selection that resulted in the loss of uninucleate zoospores in multiple downy mildews.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyle Fletcher & Juliana Gil & Lien D. Bertier & Aubrey Kenefick & Kelsey J. Wood & Lin Zhang & Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo & Keri Cavanaugh & Cayla Tsuchida & Joan Wong & Richard Michelmore, 2019. "Genomic signatures of heterokaryosis in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-10550-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10550-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhichao Zhang & Xiaoyi Zhang & Yuan Tian & Liyuan Wang & Jingting Cao & Hui Feng & Kainan Li & Yan Wang & Suomeng Dong & Wenwu Ye & Yuanchao Wang, 2024. "Complete telomere-to-telomere genomes uncover virulence evolution conferred by chromosome fusion in oomycete plant pathogens," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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