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Dynamic viability of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Ulrich

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)

  • Alice-Agnes Gabriel

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)

  • Jean-Paul Ampuero

    (Université Côte d’Azur, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
    California Institute of Technology)

  • Wenbin Xu

    (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

Abstract

We present a dynamic rupture model of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake to unravel the event’s riddles in a physics-based manner and provide insight on the mechanical viability of competing hypotheses proposed to explain them. Our model reproduces key characteristics of the event and constraints puzzling features inferred from high-quality observations including a large gap separating surface rupture traces, the possibility of significant slip on the subduction interface, the non-rupture of the Hope fault, and slow apparent rupture speed. We show that the observed rupture cascade is dynamically consistent with regional stress estimates and a crustal fault network geometry inferred from seismic and geodetic data. We propose that the complex fault system operates at low apparent friction thanks to the combined effects of overpressurized fluids, low dynamic friction and stress concentrations induced by deep fault creep.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Ulrich & Alice-Agnes Gabriel & Jean-Paul Ampuero & Wenbin Xu, 2019. "Dynamic viability of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-09125-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09125-w
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    Cited by:

    1. Faqi Diao & Huihui Weng & Jean-Paul Ampuero & Zhigang Shao & Rongjiang Wang & Feng Long & Xiong Xiong, 2024. "Physics-based assessment of earthquake potential on the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault system in southwestern China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. J. Biemiller & A.-A. Gabriel & T. Ulrich, 2023. "Dueling dynamics of low-angle normal fault rupture with splay faulting and off-fault damage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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