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Ocean commitments under the Paris Agreement

Author

Listed:
  • Natalya D. Gallo

    (Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive)

  • David G. Victor

    (School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive
    Climate, Atmospheric Science and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive
    The Brookings Institution)

  • Lisa A. Levin

    (Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive)

Abstract

Under the Paris Agreement nations made pledges known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which indicate how national governments are evaluating climate risks and policy opportunities. We find that NDCs reveal important systematic patterns reflecting national interests and capabilities. Because the ocean plays critical roles in climate mitigation and adaptation, we created a quantitative marine focus factor (MFF) to evaluate how governments address marine issues. In contrast to the past, when oceans received minimal attention in climate negotiations, 70% of 161 NDCs we analysed include marine issues. The percentage of the population living in low-lying areas—vulnerable to rising seas—positively influences the MFF, but negotiating group (Annex 1 or small island developing states) is equally important, suggesting political motivations are crucial to NDC development. The analysis reveals gaps between scientific and government attention, including on ocean deoxygenation, which is barely mentioned. Governments display a keen interest in expanding marine research on climate priorities.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalya D. Gallo & David G. Victor & Lisa A. Levin, 2017. "Ocean commitments under the Paris Agreement," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 7(11), pages 833-838, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:7:y:2017:i:11:d:10.1038_nclimate3422
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3422
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tim Stephens, 2022. "Global ocean governance in the Anthropocene: From extractive imaginaries to planetary boundaries?," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(S3), pages 76-85, December.
    2. Jenna Dodson & Patricia Dérer & Philip Cafaro & Frank Götmark, 2022. "Population growth, family planning and the Paris Agreement: an assessment of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs)," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 561-576, September.
    3. Shiiba, Nagisa & Maekawa, Miko & Vegh, Tibor & Virdin, John, 2022. "Tracking International Aid Projects for Ocean Conservation and Climate Action," ADBI Working Papers 1308, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    4. Daiju Narita & Hans-Otto Poertner & Katrin Rehdanz, 2020. "Accounting for risk transitions of ocean ecosystems under climate change: an economic justification for more ambitious policy responses," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 1-11, September.
    5. Luisetti, Tiziana & Turner, R. Kerry & Andrews, Julian E. & Jickells, Timothy D. & Kröger, Silke & Diesing, Markus & Paltriguera, Lucille & Johnson, Martin T. & Parker, Eleanor R. & Bakker, Dorothee C, 2019. "Quantifying and valuing carbon flows and stores in coastal and shelf ecosystems in the UK," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 67-76.

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