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Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade

Author

Listed:
  • W. Llovel

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    University of California Los Angeles, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science & Engineering (UCLA-JIFRESSE))

  • J. K. Willis

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

  • F. W. Landerer

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

  • I. Fukumori

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

Abstract

As the dominant reservoir of heat uptake in the climate system, the world’s oceans provide a critical measure of global climate change. Here, we infer deep-ocean warming in the context of global sea-level rise and Earth’s energy budget between January 2005 and December 2013. Direct measurements of ocean warming above 2,000 m depth explain about 32% of the observed annual rate of global mean sea-level rise. Over the entire water column, independent estimates of ocean warming yield a contribution of 0.77 ± 0.28 mm yr−1 in sea-level rise and agree with the upper-ocean estimate to within the estimated uncertainties. Accounting for additional possible systematic uncertainties, the deep ocean (below 2,000 m) contributes −0.13 ± 0.72 mm yr−1 to global sea-level rise and −0.08 ± 0.43 W m−2 to Earth’s energy balance. The net warming of the ocean implies an energy imbalance for the Earth of 0.64 ± 0.44 W m−2 from 2005 to 2013.

Suggested Citation

  • W. Llovel & J. K. Willis & F. W. Landerer & I. Fukumori, 2014. "Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(11), pages 1031-1035, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:4:y:2014:i:11:d:10.1038_nclimate2387
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2387
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