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Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas

Author

Listed:
  • Isaac Brito-Morales

    (The University of Queensland
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere
    The University of Queensland
    Conservation International)

  • David S. Schoeman

    (University of the Sunshine Coast
    Nelson Mandela University)

  • Jason D. Everett

    (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere
    The University of Queensland
    The University of New South Wales)

  • Carissa J. Klein

    (The University of Queensland
    The University of Queensland)

  • Daniel C. Dunn

    (The University of Queensland
    The University of Queensland)

  • Jorge García Molinos

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Michael T. Burrows

    (Scottish Association for Marine Science)

  • Kristine Camille V. Buenafe

    (The University of Queensland
    The University of Queensland)

  • Rosa Mar Dominguez

    (The University of Queensland
    The University of Queensland)

  • Hugh P. Possingham

    (The University of Queensland)

  • Anthony J. Richardson

    (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere
    The University of Queensland)

Abstract

Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the area of protected ocean to 30%, conservation planning must include the 64% of the ocean beyond national jurisdictions, which in turn requires associated design challenges for conventional conservation to be addressed. Here we present a planning approach for the high seas that conserves biodiversity, minimizes exposure to climate change, retains species within reserve boundaries and reduces conflict with fishing. This is developed using data from across four depth domains, considering 12,932 vertebrate, invertebrate and algal species and three climate scenarios. The resultant climate-smart conservation areas cover 6% of the high seas and represent a low-regret option that provides a nucleus for developing a full network of high-seas marine reserves.

Suggested Citation

  • Isaac Brito-Morales & David S. Schoeman & Jason D. Everett & Carissa J. Klein & Daniel C. Dunn & Jorge García Molinos & Michael T. Burrows & Kristine Camille V. Buenafe & Rosa Mar Dominguez & Hugh P. , 2022. "Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(4), pages 402-407, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:12:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1038_s41558-022-01323-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01323-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Juliette Jacquemont & Charles Loiseau & Luke Tornabene & Joachim Claudet, 2024. "3D ocean assessments reveal that fisheries reach deep but marine protection remains shallow," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Doxa, Aggeliki & Adam, Christos & Nagkoulis, Nikolaos & Mazaris, Antonios D. & Katsanevakis, Stelios, 2025. "prior3D: An R package for three-dimensional conservation prioritization," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 499(C).

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