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Increased ocean heat transport into the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean over the period 1993–2016

Author

Listed:
  • Takamasa Tsubouchi

    (University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research)

  • Kjetil Våge

    (University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research)

  • Bogi Hansen

    (Faroe Marine Research Institute)

  • Karin Margretha H. Larsen

    (Faroe Marine Research Institute)

  • Svein Østerhus

    (NORCE Norwegian Research Centre)

  • Clare Johnson

    (Scottish Association for Marine Science)

  • Steingrímur Jónsson

    (University of Akureyri
    Marine and Freshwater Research Institute)

  • Héðinn Valdimarsson

    (Marine and Freshwater Research Institute)

Abstract

Warm water of subtropical origin flows northward in the Atlantic Ocean and transports heat to high latitudes. This poleward heat transport has been implicated as one possible cause of the declining sea-ice extent and increasing ocean temperatures across the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, but robust estimates are still lacking. Here, we use a box inverse model and more than 20 years of volume transport measurements to show that the mean ocean heat transport was 305 ± 26 TW for 1993–2016. A significant increase of 21 TW occurred after 2001, which is sufficient to account for the recent accumulation of heat in the northern seas. Ocean heat transport may therefore have been a major contributor to climate change since the late 1990s. This increased heat transport contrasts with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown at mid-latitudes and indicates a discontinuity of the overturning circulation measured at different latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean.

Suggested Citation

  • Takamasa Tsubouchi & Kjetil Våge & Bogi Hansen & Karin Margretha H. Larsen & Svein Østerhus & Clare Johnson & Steingrímur Jónsson & Héðinn Valdimarsson, 2021. "Increased ocean heat transport into the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean over the period 1993–2016," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 21-26, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:11:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41558-020-00941-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00941-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Caroline V. B. Gjelstrup & Mikael K. Sejr & Laura Steur & Jørgen Schou Christiansen & Mats A. Granskog & Boris P. Koch & Eva Friis Møller & Mie H. S. Winding & Colin A. Stedmon, 2022. "Vertical redistribution of principle water masses on the Northeast Greenland Shelf," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Hiroshi Sumata & Laura Steur & Sebastian Gerland & Dmitry V. Divine & Olga Pavlova, 2022. "Unprecedented decline of Arctic sea ice outflow in 2018," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Jie Huang & Robert S. Pickart & Zhuomin Chen & Rui Xin Huang, 2023. "Role of air-sea heat flux on the transformation of Atlantic Water encircling the Nordic Seas," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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