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A Turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans

Author

Listed:
  • Qiaozhu Mei

    (a School of Information , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109)

  • Yutong Xie

    (a School of Information , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109)

  • Walter Yuan

    (b MobLab , Pasadena , CA 91107)

  • Matthew O. Jackson

    (d External Faculty , Santa Fe Institute , Santa Fe , NM 87501)

Abstract

We administer a Turing test to AI chatbots. We examine how chatbots behave in a suite of classic behavioral games that are designed to elicit characteristics such as trust, fairness, risk-aversion, cooperation, etc., as well as how they respond to a traditional Big-5 psychological survey that measures personality traits. ChatGPT-4 exhibits behavioral and personality traits that are statistically indistinguishable from a random human from tens of thousands of human subjects from more than 50 countries. Chatbots also modify their behavior based on previous experience and contexts “as if†they were learning from the interactions and change their behavior in response to different framings of the same strategic situation. Their behaviors are often distinct from average and modal human behaviors, in which case they tend to behave on the more altruistic and cooperative end of the distribution. We estimate that they act as if they are maximizing an average of their own and partner’s payoffs.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiaozhu Mei & Yutong Xie & Walter Yuan & Matthew O. Jackson, 2024. "A Turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121(9), pages 2313925121-, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nas:journl:v:121:y:2024:p:e2313925121
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313925121
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