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Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field

Author

Listed:
  • Alexander Ehlert

    (Institute of Sociology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program on Social Networks, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Martin Kindschi

    (University Research Priority Program on Social Networks, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • René Algesheimer

    (University Research Priority Program on Social Networks, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Heiko Rauhut

    (Institute of Sociology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program on Social Networks, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland)

Abstract

While it is undeniable that the ability of humans to cooperate in large-scale societies is unique in animal life, it remains open how such a degree of prosociality is possible despite the risks of exploitation. Recent evidence suggests that social networks play a crucial role in the development of prosociality and large-scale cooperation by allowing cooperators to cluster; however, it is not well understood if and how this also applies to real-world social networks in the field. We study intrinsic social preferences alongside emerging friendship patterns in 57 freshly formed school classes ( n = 1,217), using incentivized measures. We demonstrate the existence of cooperative clusters in society, examine their emergence, and expand the evidence from controlled experiments to real-world social networks. Our results suggest that being embedded in cooperative environments substantially enhances the social preferences of individuals, thus contributing to the formation of cooperative clusters. Partner choice, in contrast, only marginally contributes to their emergence. We conclude that cooperative preferences are contagious; social and cultural learning plays an important role in the development and evolution of cooperation.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Ehlert & Martin Kindschi & René Algesheimer & Heiko Rauhut, 2020. "Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117(37), pages 22787-22792, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nas:journl:v:117:y:2020:p:22787-22792
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Wen-Jing & Chen, Zhi & Jin, Ke-Zhong & Wang, Jun & Yuan, Lin & Gu, Changgui & Jiang, Luo-Luo & Perc, Matjaž, 2022. "Options for mobility and network reciprocity to jointly yield robust cooperation in social dilemmas," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 435(C).
    2. Li, Wen-Jing & Jiang, Luo-Luo & Chen, Zhi & Perc, Matjaž & Slavinec, Mitja, 2020. "Optimization of mobile individuals promotes cooperation in social dilemmas," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    3. Alexander Ehlert & Robert Böhm & Jürgen Fleiß & Heiko Rauhut & Robert Rybnicek & Fabian Winter, 2021. "The Development of Prosociality: Evidence for a Negative Association between Age and Prosocial Value Orientation from a Representative Sample in Austria," Games, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, September.

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