The Labour Market and Its Ability to React to Pandemic Shocks in Relation to Its Distribution by Economic Sector

In this paper we investigate the labour market of the South Italy, by regions and as a whole, comparing it with some foreign regions and with our most advanced regions, highlighting the employment needs and consequently, in which sectors jobs can be created. The fundamental element of this analysis is the distribution by sector to understand whether a robust presence of manufacturing, compared to a prevalence of services can become an element of weakness or strength during the pandemic that has hit the world or other shocks that involve collective distancing. The different distribution between agriculture, manufacturing and services allows us to verify how much is essential to have relationships that are not too unbalanced in order for an economy to withstand the exogenous shocks affecting the world as a whole in globalization times. The conclusions of the work first of all highlight the existing imbalances in the Europe of the 27, in which South Italy is the bottom-up for per capita income, for employed compared to the population, for unemployment rate. Finally, the necessary employment balance is quantified with respect to European and national benchmarks, identifying the needs by branch. From a methodological point of view, the labour market will be analysed using above all the relationship between employed and population, in order to clean the data from distortions in the composition of the workforce.