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Efecto de la Innovación sobre el Crecimiento Económico de México: Análisis Empírico con el Modelo de Crecimiento Endógeno de Romer

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Francisca Peñaloza Talavera

    (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo)

  • Jaime Apolinar Martínez Arroyo

    (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo)

Abstract

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el papel que juega la innovación en la dinámica del crecimiento económico en México durante el periodo 1994 – 2017. Para tal propósito, se utiliza el modelo de crecimiento endógeno de Romer (1990), el cual plantea que la innovación (A), resultado del cambio técnico, es una variable que incide en el crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto (Y) de un país. Además de la innovación (stock de conocimiento), medida a través de las patentes (pat) y las exportaciones de productos tecnológicos (XBAT), el modelo considera a la inversión fija, medida por la Formación Bruta de Capital Fijo (K) y al Capital Humano (H) otras dos variables importantes para el crecimiento del producto. El análisis de las variables se realiza empleando series de tiempo a través de la técnica Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (OLS). El resultado de las estimaciones indica que la innovación, medida por patentes y XBAT, el capital humano y el capital fijo inciden positivamente en el crecimiento económico de México, el grado de incidencia de cada una de estas variables es 0.07%, 0.2%, 0.15% y 0.35% respectivamente. El valor de K resulta ser alto dado que las inversiones físicas que se realizan en el país son significativas y muestran tasas positivas de crecimiento durante el periodo estudiado. En el caso de las variables H, XBAT y patentes, las estimaciones muestran valores relativamente bajos, resultado atribuido a la baja inversión que se realiza en el sector de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT) a nivel nacional, inversión que no supera el 0. 5% del PIB cada año. De modo que, este resultado positivo, pero no altamente significativo no es otra cosa más que el reflejo de la rezagada situación en que se encuentra el sector CyT en México.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Francisca Peñaloza Talavera & Jaime Apolinar Martínez Arroyo, 2020. "Efecto de la Innovación sobre el Crecimiento Económico de México: Análisis Empírico con el Modelo de Crecimiento Endógeno de Romer," Revista de la Facultad de Contaduría y Ciencias Administrativas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Contaduría y Ciencias Administrativas, vol. 5(9), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:msn:rfjrnl:v:5:y:2020:i:9:p:1-11
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    References listed on IDEAS

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