IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/mof/journl/ppr15_01_04.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Malaysian Economy after the Global Financial Crisis: International Capital Flows, Exchange Rates, and Policy Responses

Author

Listed:
  • So Umezaki

    (IDE-JETRO)

Abstract

The exchange rate of the Malaysian ringgit (RM) against the US dollar (USD) after returning to the managed float system in July 2005 was hovering around 3.00–3.50 RM/USD until the middle of 2014. Following the subprime mortgage problem that emerged in the second half of 2007 and the Lehman shock in September 2008, the US introduced a de facto zero interest rate policy and quantitative easing (QE), and other advanced countries have implemented large-scale monetary easing in order to cope with the Global Financial Crisis. As a result, a large amount of money flowed into the stock and bond markets of many emerging countries including Malaysia. This trend reversed completely when Mr. Ben Bernanke, the then chairperson of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) of the United States, made remarks suggesting the end of QE at the Joint Economic Committee of the House of Representatives on May 22, 2013. The capital that flowed under QE began flowing out from Malaysia, and the financial account was in deficit for seven consecutive quarters from the third quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2015. The RM/USD exchange rate was stable at the beginning of this reversal, but the ringgit depreciated rapidly, 42.1% in the one year from the end of August 2014, when crude oil prices began to fall. In addition to the conversion of the US monetary policy and the decline in crude oil prices, the debt problem and political scandals of One Malaysia Development Bank (1MDB) added depreciation pressure on the ringgit. The objective of this study is to investigate the nature and characteristics of international capital flows and the exchange rate, and policy response of the central bank of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). The structure of this paper is as follows. In Section II, we will illustrate the structure of the Malaysian economy and the policy responses after the Asian currency crisis in 1997 and 1998 as the foundation of the discussion in this paper. Section III discusses the trends in international capital flows and exchange rates, and BNM’s policy responses and their effects.

Suggested Citation

  • So Umezaki, 2019. "The Malaysian Economy after the Global Financial Crisis: International Capital Flows, Exchange Rates, and Policy Responses," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 15(1), pages 69-98, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:mof:journl:ppr15_01_04
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.mof.go.jp/english/pri/publication/pp_review/ppr15_01_04.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeffrey Frankel & Shang-Jin Wei, 2008. "Estimation of De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes: Synthesis of the Techniques for Inferring Flexibility and Basket Weights," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 55(3), pages 384-416, July.
    2. Mr. Vladimir Klyuev & To-Nhu Dao, 2016. "Evolution of Exchange Rate Behavior in the ASEAN-5 Countries," IMF Working Papers 2016/165, International Monetary Fund.
    3. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "Asean-5 Cluster Report: Evolution of Monetary Policy Frameworks," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/176, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Norzila Abdul Aziz, 2013. "Foreign exchange intervention in Malaysia," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Sovereign risk: a world without risk-free assets?, volume 73, pages 215-222, Bank for International Settlements.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anwer, Zaheer & Khan, Ashraf & Kabir Hassan, M. & Rashid, Mamunur, 2022. "Does the regional proximity lead to exchange rate spillover?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mr. Vladimir Klyuev & To-Nhu Dao, 2016. "Evolution of Exchange Rate Behavior in the ASEAN-5 Countries," IMF Working Papers 2016/165, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Sidi Mohammed Chekouri & Abderrahim Chibi & Mohamed Benbouziane, 2022. "Identifying Algeria’s de facto exchange rate regime: a wavelet-based approach," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Marcel Fratzscher & Arnaud Mehl, 2014. "China's Dominance Hypothesis and the Emergence of a Tri‐polar Global Currency System," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 124(581), pages 1343-1370, December.
    4. Ethan Ilzetzki & Carmen M Reinhart & Kenneth S Rogoff, 2019. "Exchange Arrangements Entering the Twenty-First Century: Which Anchor will Hold?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(2), pages 599-646.
    5. Zakaria Sorgho, 2016. "RTAs' Proliferation and Trade-diversion Effects: Evidence of the ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ Phenomenon," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(2), pages 285-300, February.
    6. Keddad, Benjamin & Sato, Kiyotaka, 2022. "The influence of the renminbi and its macroeconomic determinants: A new Chinese monetary order in Asia?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    7. Slavi T. Slavov, 2013. "De Jure versus De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 22(5), pages 732-756, November.
    8. Bettendorf, Timo & Heinlein, Reinhold, 2019. "Connectedness between G10 currencies: Searching for the causal structure," Discussion Papers 06/2019, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    9. Gaetano, D'Adamo, 2009. "Measuring exchange rate flexibility in Europe," MPRA Paper 26612, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Michael Funke & Marc Gronwald, 2008. "The Undisclosed Renminbi Basket: Are the Markets Telling Us Something about Where the Renminbi–US Dollar Exchange Rate is Going?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(12), pages 1581-1598, December.
    11. Jeffrey Frankel, 2021. "Systematic Managed Floating," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Steven J Davis & Edward S Robinson & Bernard Yeung (ed.), THE ASIAN MONETARY POLICY FORUM Insights for Central Banking, chapter 5, pages 160-221, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    12. Shu, Chang & He, Dong & Cheng, Xiaoqiang, 2015. "One currency, two markets: the renminbi's growing influence in Asia-Pacific," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 163-178.
    13. Siklos, Pierre L., 2018. "Boom-and-bust cycles in emerging markets: How important is the exchange rate?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 172-187.
    14. Alexis CRUZ-RODRIGUEZ, 2016. "Exchange Arrangements and Currency Crises: What´s the matter with the exchange rate classification?," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 3(2), pages 377-392, June.
    15. Sorgho, Zakaria, 2014. "RTAs’ Proliferation and Trade-diversion effects: Evidence of the “Spaghetti Bowl” Phenomenon," MPRA Paper 60503, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Coudert, Virginie & Couharde, Cécile & Grekou, Carl & Mignon, Valérie, 2020. "Heterogeneity within the euro area: New insights into an old story," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 428-444.
    17. Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Juan Angel Garcia, 2018. "Monetary Policy and Inflation Dynamics in ASEAN Economies," IMF Working Papers 2018/147, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Jeffrey Frankel & Daniel Xie, 2010. "Estimation of De Facto Flexibility Parameter and Basket Weights in Evolving Exchange Rate Regimes," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(2), pages 568-572, May.
    19. Raphael A. Auer, 2015. "Exchange Rate Pass‐Through, Domestic Competition, and Inflation: Evidence from the 2005–08 Revaluation of the Renminbi," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(8), pages 1617-1650, December.
    20. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2016_020 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Arslan Razmi, 2009. "Bretton Woods II and the Emerging Economies: Lazarus, Phoenix, or Humpty Dumpty?," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2009-02, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:mof:journl:ppr15_01_04. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Policy Research Institute (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/prigvjp.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.