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Effects of Tax Rate Changes on the Cost of Capital: The Case of Japanese Firms

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  • Keiichi Kubota
  • Hitoshi Takehara

Abstract

The paper studies the effects that tax rate changes have on the cost of capital when firms follow target leverage ratios. We show that changes in individual income tax rates are neutral. The focus therefore is on the effects of changes in marginal corporate tax rates. These effects are computed for Japanese firms. Special emphasis is given to changes in statutory tax rates and provisions that allow firms to carry their losses forward.

Suggested Citation

  • Keiichi Kubota & Hitoshi Takehara, 2007. "Effects of Tax Rate Changes on the Cost of Capital: The Case of Japanese Firms," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 63(2), pages 163-185, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mhr:finarc:urn:sici:0015-2218(200706)63:2_163:eotrco_2.0.tx_2-c
    DOI: 10.1628/001522107X220062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Auerbach, Alan J., 2002. "Taxation and corporate financial policy," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 19, pages 1251-1292, Elsevier.
    2. Jagannathan, Ravi & Kubota, Keiichi & Takehara, Hitoshi, 1998. "Relationship between Labor-Income Risk and Average Return: Empirical Evidence from the Japanese Stock Market," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 71(3), pages 319-347, July.
    3. Aiyagari, S Rao, 1995. "Optimal Capital Income Taxation with Incomplete Markets, Borrowing Constraints, and Constant Discounting," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 103(6), pages 1158-1175, December.
    4. Ando, Albert & Auerbach, Alan J., 1988. "The cost of capital in the United States and Japan: A comparison," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 134-158, June.
    5. Harris, Milton & Raviv, Artur, 1991. "The Theory of Capital Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 297-355, March.
    6. Jason Cummins & Trevor Harris & Kevin Hassett, 1995. "Accounting Standards, Information Flow, and Firm Investment Behavior," NBER Chapters, in: The Effects of Taxation on Multinational Corporations, pages 181-224, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. DeAngelo, Harry & Masulis, Ronald W., 1980. "Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 3-29, March.
    8. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1993. "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 3-56, February.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ebihara, Takashi & Kubota, Keiichi & Takehara, Hitoshi & Yokota, Eri, 2014. "Market liquidity, private information, and the cost of capital: Market microstructure studies on family firms in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-13.
    2. Rainer Niemann & Mariana Sailer, 2023. "Is analytical tax research alive and kicking? Insights from 2000 until 2022," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(6), pages 1149-1212, August.
    3. Kunieda, Shigeki & 國枝, 繁樹 & Takahata, Junichiro & 高畑, 純一郎 & Yada, Haruna & 矢田, 晴那, 2011. "Japanese Firms’ Debt Policy And Tax Policy," Discussion Papers 2011-11, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University.
    4. Zhaoyan Gu & Keiichi Kubota & Hitoshi Takehara, 2017. "How do Normative and Compliant CSR Affect the Earnings Quality of Japanese Firms?," The Japanese Accounting Review, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, vol. 7, pages 1-21, December.
    5. Ruud A. de Mooij & Ikuo Saito, 2014. "Japan’s Corporate Income Tax: Facts, Issues and Reform Options," IMF Working Papers 2014/138, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Tai-Yuan Chen & Zhaoyang Gu & Keiichi Kubota & Hitoshi Takehara, 2015. "Accrual-Based and Real Activities Based Earnings Management Behavior of Family Firms in Japan," The Japanese Accounting Review, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, vol. 5, pages 21-47, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    cost of capital; effective marginal tax rates in Japan; Miller equilibrium; Graham's simulation method; loss carry-forward;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies

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