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Central Bank Digital Currency: Financial System Implications and Control

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  • Ulrich Bindseil

Abstract

IT progress and its application to the financial industry have inspired central banks and academics to reflect about the merits of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) accessible to the broad public. This paper first briefly recalls the advantages that have been associated with CBDC and reviews some relevant background from the history of the issuance of different forms of central bank money. It then discusses two key arguments against CBDC, namely (i) risk of structural disintermediation of banks and centralization of the credit allocation process within the central bank and (ii) risk of facilitation systemic runs on banks in crisis situations. The paper proposes as solution a two-tier remuneration of CBDC, as a tested and simple tool to control the quantity of CBDC both in normal and crisis times. It is, however, also acknowledged that controlling the quantity of CBDC is not necessarily sufficient to control its impact on the financial system. Finally, the paper compares the financial account implications of CBDC with the one of crypto assets, stable coins, and narrow bank digital money, noting the similarity and differences in terms of implications on the financial system. It is concluded that well-controlled CBDC seems feasible, without this implying that CBDC would not catalyze change in the financial system.

Suggested Citation

  • Ulrich Bindseil, 2019. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Financial System Implications and Control," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(4), pages 303-335, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:mes:ijpoec:v:48:y:2019:i:4:p:303-335
    DOI: 10.1080/08911916.2019.1693160
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    Cited by:

    1. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Central bank digital currency and bank earnings management using loan loss provisions," MPRA Paper 116412, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Using eNaira CBDC to solve economic problems in Nigeria," MPRA Paper 118805, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Bitter, Lea, 2020. "Banking Crises under a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224600, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    4. Binghui Wu & Mengjiao Zhang, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on monetary policy effectiveness," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1-23, June.
    5. Aiste Juskaite & Sigitas Siaudinis & Tomas Reichenbachas, 2019. "CBDC – in a whirlpool of discussion," Bank of Lithuania Occasional Paper Series 29, Bank of Lithuania.
    6. Li, Fangmin & Yang, Tianle & Du, Min & Huang, Miao, 2023. "The development fit index of digital currency electronic payment between China and the one belt one road countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    7. PINSHI, Christian P., 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: What Basis Should be Taken for Crypto Assets?," MPRA Paper 111674, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Assen Slim, 2022. "MDBC e-hryvnia: Zentralbankgeld in Planung [The e-Hryvnia CBDC: a Central Bank Currency in Project]," Post-Print hal-03937410, HAL.
    9. Scharnowski, Stefan, 2022. "Central bank speeches and digital currency competition," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    10. Gersbach, Hans & Böser, Florian, 2020. "Monetary Policy with a Central Bank Digital Currency: The Short and the Long Term," CEPR Discussion Papers 15322, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    11. Xin, Baogui & Jiang, Kai, 2023. "Central bank digital currency and the effectiveness of negative interest rate policy: A DSGE analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    12. Marc Sanchez-Roger & Esther Puyol-Antón, 2021. "Digital Bank Runs: A Deep Neural Network Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, February.
    13. Arauz, Andrés & Garratt, Rodney & Ramos F., Diego F., 2021. "Dinero Electrónico: The rise and fall of Ecuador's central bank digital currency," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).
    14. Geoffrey Goodell & Hazem Danny Al-Nakib & Paolo Tasca, 2020. "Digital Currency and Economic Crises: Helping States Respond," Papers 2006.03023, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2020.
    15. Jaemin Son & Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin & Doojin Ryu, 2022. "Consumer choices under new payment methods," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.
    16. Helmi, Mohamad Husam & Çatık, Abdurrahman Nazif & Akdeniz, Coşkun, 2023. "The impact of central bank digital currency news on the stock and cryptocurrency markets: Evidence from the TVP-VAR model," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    17. Jakob Vestergaard & Daniela Gabor, 2021. "Central Banks Caught Between Market Liquidity and Fiscal Disciplining: A Money View Perspective on Collateral Policy," Working Papers Series inetwp170, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
    18. Qing Shi & Xiaoqi Sun, 2020. "A Scientometric Review of Digital Currency and Electronic Payment Research: A Network Perspective," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-17, November.
    19. Sebastian Infante & Kyungmin Kim & Anna Orlik & André F. Silva & Robert J. Tetlow, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Implications of CBDC: A Review of the Literature," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-076, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    20. Mr. Marco Gross & Christoph Siebenbrunner, 2019. "Money Creation in Fiat and Digital Currency Systems," IMF Working Papers 2019/285, International Monetary Fund.
    21. Bhaskar, Ratikant & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Bansal, Shashank & Pandey, Dharen Kumar, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Agendas for future research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

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