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Beyond Total Factor Productivity: Issues in Indonesia's Technological Development

Author

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  • David Ray

    (Researcher, Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Australia)

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas cara-cara mengukur kemajuan teknologi dalam konteks Indonesia. Pendekatan pertama, yaitu pendekatan Neoklasik Growth Accounting (total factor productivity), merupakan cara yang sangat lemah. Ada dua masalah kunci dari pendekatan ini, yaitu: (I) asumsi bahwa teknologi dianggap sebagai input dalam proses produksi yang terpisah dari akumulasi modal fisik dan manusia dan (2) asumsi standar Contant Returns to Scale. Hasilan yang kurang realistis dapat ditemukan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan TFP Singapura dan Malaysia dibanding dengan Indonesia. Menggunukan pendekatan funksi biaya - seperti penyelidikan beberapa tema "New Crowth" (endogenous growth) dalam pembangunan industri Korea oleh Sengupta (1993) - disimpulkan bahwa sektor industri Indonesia paling banyak didorong oleh penggunaan input fisik dan tenaga kerja yang kurang trampil. Tidak seperti negara-negara Asia lain, peran input teknologi atau pengetahuan dalam proses produksi di Indonesia tampaknya hanya sedikit. Kesimpulan ini didukung oleh 1) penggunaan indeks komposisi teknologi yang dibangun dengan menimbang (weighting) angka ekspor dengan nisbah litbanglproduksi; dan 2) nisbah ekspor-impor untuk baik golongan industri high-tech maupun medium-high tech yang menunjukkan Indonesia semakin tertinggal dalam perlombaan regional untuk mengemgangkan industri ekspor yang berbasis teknologi tinggi.

Suggested Citation

  • David Ray, 1995. "Beyond Total Factor Productivity: Issues in Indonesia's Technological Development," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. 43, pages 135-153, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:lpe:efijnl:199508
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    Cited by:

    1. Suryahadi, A. & Chen, P. & Tyers, R., 1999. "Openness, Technological Change and Labor Demand in Pre-Crisis Indonesia," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics 1999-377, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics.

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