Memahami Usaha-usaha Patungan Penting dalam Pembinaan Hubungan Indonesia-Jepang

In our paper we have tried to introduce the various aspects of the Japanese presence in Indonesia in the form of joint ventures. We started out by describing Japanese macro-economic goais and targets. Her economic structure has forces her to focus her fuii attention upon the aspect of national logistics, which means that they have to secure the continuity of supply of raw materials and an ever growing export market in order to be able to finance the total national logistics. In this respect Japanese options are limited. The macro objectives and the national goais have been translated into micro and operational programs by the general trading houses called Sogo Shosha. The translation of the macro objectives into operational programs successfully implemented by the general trading firms, is a very unique situation and very much Japanese although, in a way, Singapore has followed the Japanese pattern of linkages between government, bureaucracy and business. What ever reasons are brought forward by the Japanese trading houses, whether a market and export or a resources base orientation, joint ventures outside Japan have to be the instrumentality of achieving the above mentioned national godis. Therefore ail Japan's efforts including her foreign policy is to expand her sphere of economic influence. But a sphere of economic influence will be an empty thing without the presence of the general trading houses. Japan has learnt that crossing national and political boundaries will not pay and that this has brought about disastrous consequences to the country. By expanding economic boundaries through the economic sphere of influence there is more assurance of continuity and durability although one should not exclude various "shokkus" as experienced in the past by the Japanese economy. We have seen this exercise of economic border expansion through policies directed towards an the establishment of economic sphere of influence. The hundreds of joint ventures, organized, initiated and managed by the general trading houses and other units belonging to these groupings, are the real implementators and instrumentality of the reality of this economic influence.