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Working at home and elsewhere: daily work location, telework, and travel among United States knowledge workers

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  • Jonathan Stiles

    (The Ohio State University)

  • Michael J. Smart

    (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)

Abstract

The mediation of work practices by information and communication technologies enables knowledge workers to telework from remote non-office locations such as their homes, or to work nomadically from multiple locations in a day. This paper uses data from the American Time Use Survey to explore the relationship between daily work locations and travel in the United States from 2003 to 2017. Outcome variables include travel duration and travel during peak periods. Home is by far the most common non-office work location, but working from other people’s homes, cafés/libraries, vehicles, and combinations of multiple locations are also measured. Findings show that working from home only on a day (full-day telework) decreases daily travel duration and increases the likelihood of avoiding peak hour travel for both work and non-work related travel. However, for homeworkers who also conduct work from their workplace on the same day (part-day telework), there is no reduction in daily travel time, and avoiding peak hour travel is limited to work-related travel. Working from other locations such as cafés/libraries or vehicles increases the likelihood of not traveling at peak hours. Findings also indicate that morning peak periods are more affected by work location decisions than evening peak periods. A survival analysis of daily departure times for both full-day and part-day homeworkers provides insight into this mechanism. We conclude on the basis of these findings that demand management policies and peak avoidance incentives would be more effective if they encourage both temporal and spatial flexibility for employees when partnering with regional employers.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Stiles & Michael J. Smart, 2021. "Working at home and elsewhere: daily work location, telework, and travel among United States knowledge workers," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2461-2491, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:48:y:2021:i:5:d:10.1007_s11116-020-10136-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11116-020-10136-6
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    2. Monica Aureliana Petcu & Maria Iulia Sobolevschi-David & Adrian Anica-Popa & Stefania Cristina Curea & Catalina Motofei & Ana-Maria Popescu, 2021. "Multidimensional Assessment of Job Satisfaction in Telework Conditions. Case Study: Romania in the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Gisele Blak Bernat & Eduardo Linhares Qualharini & Marcela Souto Castro, 2023. "Enhancing Sustainability in Project Management: The Role of Stakeholder Engagement and Knowledge Management in Virtual Team Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-26, March.
    4. Kan, Zihan & Liu, Dong & Yang, Xue & Lee, Jinhyung, 2024. "Measuring exposure and contribution of different types of activity travels to traffic congestion using GPS trajectory data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    5. Asmussen, Katherine E. & Mondal, Aupal & Batur, Irfan & Dirks, Abbie & Pendyala, Ram M. & Bhat, Chandra R., 2024. "An investigation of individual-level telework arrangements in the COVID-era," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    6. R. M. Faber & M. Hamersma & J. Brimaire & M. Kroesen & E. J.E. Molin, 2024. "The relations between working from home and travel behaviour: a panel analysis," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(6), pages 2173-2197, December.
    7. Gisele Blak Bernat & Eduardo Linhares Qualharini & Marcela Souto Castro & André Baptista Barcaui & Raquel Reis Soares, 2023. "Sustainability in Project Management and Project Success with Virtual Teams: A Quantitative Analysis Considering Stakeholder Engagement and Knowledge Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-38, June.

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