IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/revdev/v24y2021i1d10.1007_s11147-020-09169-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Diversification with options and structured products

Author

Listed:
  • Shuonan Yuan

    (Xi’an Polytechnic University)

  • Marc Oliver Rieger

    (University of Trier)

Abstract

Different from diversification of stocks, there are two strategies to diversify portfolios consisting of options: one is to combine options on single underlying stocks, and the other one is to buy an option based on the index of these stocks. In this paper we analyse which diversification strategy is optimal for classical rational investors with constant relative risk aversion. We employ the Black–Scholes model and the stochastic volatility model of Heston for generating the processes of underlying stocks as well as pricing the derivatives. The results are developed first for options and then extended to some important classes of structured financial products: capital protected notes, discount certificates and bonus certificates. We find that investors’ choices on the two diversification strategies differ noticeably, but in general for convex payoffs index options are preferable, whereas for concave payoffs a portfolio of single stock options has usually higher utility.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuonan Yuan & Marc Oliver Rieger, 2021. "Diversification with options and structured products," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 55-77, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:revdev:v:24:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s11147-020-09169-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11147-020-09169-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11147-020-09169-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11147-020-09169-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicole Branger & Christian Schlag, 2004. "Why is the Index Smile So Steep?," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 8(1), pages 109-127.
    2. Stoimenov, Pavel A. & Wilkens, Sascha, 2005. "Are structured products 'fairly' priced? An analysis of the German market for equity-linked instruments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    3. Thorsten Hens & Marc Oliver Rieger, 2014. "Can utility optimization explain the demand for structured investment products?," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 673-681, April.
    4. Das, Sanjiv R. & Statman, Meir, 2013. "Options and structured products in behavioral portfolios," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 137-153.
    5. Breuer, Wolfgang & Perst, Achim, 2007. "Retail banking and behavioral financial engineering: The case of structured products," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 827-844, March.
    6. Ji Cao & Marc Rieger, 2013. "Risk classes for structured products: mathematical aspects and their implications on behavioral investors," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 167-183, May.
    7. Shlomo Benartzi & Richard H. Thaler, 1995. "Myopic Loss Aversion and the Equity Premium Puzzle," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(1), pages 73-92.
    8. Benet, Bruce A. & Giannetti, Antoine & Pissaris, Seema, 2006. "Gains from structured product markets: The case of reverse-exchangeable securities (RES)," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 111-132, January.
    9. Christopher S. Jones, 2006. "A Nonlinear Factor Analysis of S&P 500 Index Option Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(5), pages 2325-2363, October.
    10. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    11. Dichtl, Hubert & Drobetz, Wolfgang, 2011. "Portfolio insurance and prospect theory investors: Popularity and optimal design of capital protected financial products," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1683-1697, July.
    12. Joost Driessen & Pascal Maenhout, 2007. "An Empirical Portfolio Perspective on Option Pricing Anomalies," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 11(4), pages 561-603.
    13. Liu, Jun & Pan, Jun, 2003. "Dynamic derivative strategies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 401-430, September.
    14. Christian Gollier, 2004. "The Economics of Risk and Time," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262572249, April.
    15. Henderson, Brian J. & Pearson, Neil D., 2011. "The dark side of financial innovation: A case study of the pricing of a retail financial product," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 227-247, May.
    16. Bjørn Eraker & Michael Johannes & Nicholas Polson, 2003. "The Impact of Jumps in Volatility and Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(3), pages 1269-1300, June.
    17. H. Fink & S. Geissel & J. Sass & F. T. Seifried, 2019. "Implied risk aversion: an alternative rating system for retail structured products," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 357-387, October.
    18. Branger, Nicole & Schlag, Christian & Schneider, Eva, 2008. "Optimal portfolios when volatility can jump," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1087-1097, June.
    19. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Massimo Guidolin & Giacomo Leonetti & Manuela Pedio, 2024. "Who should buy structured investment products and why?," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 24222, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    2. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & Schober, Alexander & Wilkens, Marco, 2017. "What drives performance in the speculative market of short-term exchange-traded retail products?," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-26-17, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    3. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco, 2016. "Market makers’ optimal price-setting policy for exchange-traded certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 206-226.
    4. Branger, Nicole & Hansis, Alexandra, 2012. "Asset allocation: How much does model choice matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 1865-1882.
    5. Oliver Entrop & Georg Fischer, 2020. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1049-1071, July.
    6. H. Fink & S. Geissel & J. Sass & F. T. Seifried, 2019. "Implied risk aversion: an alternative rating system for retail structured products," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 357-387, October.
    7. Chen, Rongda & Zhou, Hanxian & Jin, Chenglu & Liu, Jia, 2020. "Discount or premium? Pricing of structured products: An analysis of Chinese market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    8. Schertler, Andrea, 2016. "Pricing effects when competitors arrive: The case of discount certificates in Germany," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 84-99.
    9. Kunz, Alexis H. & Messner, Claude & Wallmeier, Martin, 2017. "Investors’ risk perceptions of structured financial products with worst-of payout characteristics," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 66-73.
    10. Hamed Ghanbari & Michael Oancea & Stylianos Perrakis, 2021. "Shedding light on a dark matter: Jump diffusion and option‐implied investor preferences," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 27(2), pages 244-286, March.
    11. Henderson, Brian J. & Pearson, Neil D. & Wang, Li, 2020. "Pre-trade hedging: Evidence from the issuance of retail structured products," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 108-128.
    12. Bobriková Martina & Harčariková Monika, 2015. "Reverse Bonus Certificate Design and Valuation Using Pricing by Duplication Methods," Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 62(3), pages 277-289, November.
    13. Bas Peeters, 2012. "Risk premiums in a simple market model for implied volatility," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(5), pages 739-748, January.
    14. Matthias Pelster & Andrea Schertler, 2019. "Pricing and issuance dependencies in structured financial product portfolios," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 342-365, March.
    15. Branger, Nicole & Hansis, Alexandra, 2015. "Earning the right premium on the right factor in portfolio planning," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 367-383.
    16. Entrop, Oliver & Scholz, Hendrik & Wilkens, Marco, 2009. "The price-setting behavior of banks: An analysis of open-end leverage certificates on the German market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 874-882, May.
    17. Byun, Suk Joon & Jeon, Byoung Hyun & Min, Byungsun & Yoon, Sun-Joong, 2015. "The role of the variance premium in Jump-GARCH option pricing models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 38-56.
    18. Andrew Ang & Robert J. Hodrick & Yuhang Xing & Xiaoyan Zhang, 2006. "The Cross‐Section of Volatility and Expected Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(1), pages 259-299, February.
    19. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    20. Dierkes, Maik & Erner, Carsten & Zeisberger, Stefan, 2010. "Investment horizon and the attractiveness of investment strategies: A behavioral approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1032-1046, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Diversification; Options; Structured products; Portfolio optimization; Expected utility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:revdev:v:24:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s11147-020-09169-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.